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Respiratory > Radiology Of The Thorax > Flashcards

Radiology Of The Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What colour does air show up on a radiograph?

A

Black

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2
Q

What colour does fat, soft tissue and muscle show up on 9 radiograph?

A

Grey

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3
Q

What colour does bone and metal show up on a radiograph?

A

White

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4
Q

How does the number of electrons affect the colour of a radiograph?

A

The larger the number of electrons, the darker it appears as it block X-rays.

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5
Q

What colour does fluid show up on an ultrasound?

A

Fluid allows the passage of soundwaves and is therefore black.

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6
Q

What colour does soft tissue show up on an ultrasound?

A

Soft tissue allows passage of sound waves and is therefore bright

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7
Q

What colour does air and bone show upon an ultrasound?

A

Air and bone blocks passage of sound waves and is therefore a shadow

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8
Q

How should a patient be positioned for a chest X-ray?y

A
  1. Patient stands 2m from apparatus
  2. Shoulders are braced so as not to obscure the lungs.
  3. Taken on an ‘in breath’.
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9
Q

What must you check before analysing an X-ray?

A

Is it the right patient? Was it on the correct day? Is it the right way round? Is it adequate - annotation, inspiration, rotation and penetration?

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10
Q

Name the mediastinal borders.

A 
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Left Auricle
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Trachea
Right Hemidiaphragm
Stomach Bubble
Horizontal Fissure
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11
Q

Which lobes can be viewed from an anterior view?

A

Right upper lobe
Right middle lobe
Left upper lobe
Ligula

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12
Q

Which lobes can be viewed from a posterior view?

A

Right lower lobe

Left lower lobe

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13
Q

What features can be viewed from a lateral radiograph?

A

Oblique fissure
Horizontal fissure
Posterior costophrenic recess
Retrosternal space

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14
Q

What imaging should we do for a pulmonary thromboembolism?

A

If CXR normal - V/Q scan
If radiation to be avoided and DVT suspected- U/S on leg
If CXR abnormal - CT Pulmonary angiogram

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15
Q

When is a V/Q scan considered abnormal?

A

When there is a ventilation perfusion mismatch, e.g the ventilation is normal and perfusion is abnormal or vice versa.

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16
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

A hamartoma is a noncancerous tumor made of an abnormal mixture of normal tissues and cells from the area in which it grows.
It shows up of a CT angiogram as popcorn calcification

17
Q

What are some predisposing conditions to lung cancer?

A 
Inhalation of carcinogens
Bronchioalveolar adenoma
Lipoid pneumonia
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Previous lung cancer
18
Q

What is a synchronous tumour?

A

This is when tumours are occurring at the same time as another cancer.

19
Q

What is a metachronous tumour?

A

This when a tumour occurs after another cancer.

20
Q

How does asbestosis show on a HRCT?

A

It will show up as calcified pleural plaque in the pleura

21
Q

What is a peripheral lung cancer tumour?

A

This is tumours arising beyond the hilum

22
Q

What is a central lung cancer tumour?

A

This is tumours arising at or close to the hilum

23
Q

How long does it take for a peripheral tumour to double in size?

A

Between 40 and 400 days. This is therefore useful because if a patients tumour grows in 20 days, we can rule out lung cancer

24
Q

What are the cardinal signs for central lung cancer tumours?

A

Hilar enlargement

Distal collapse/ consolidation

25
Q

What are Contrast Enhanced CT scans good for in lung cancer?

A

They are good for -
Assessing Tumour SIze
Showing Intracranial Metastases
Guiding a biopsy of peripheral lesions

26
Q

What are PET CT scans good for in lung cancer?

A

They are good for -
Detecting nodal metastases
Detecting distant metastases
Delineating tumour in an area of collapse.
They are not good for dectecting brain metastases

27
Q

Why do tumours show up on a PET scan?

A

Because a fluid is used for imaging that goes to areas with a high metabolism of glucose. It will there for go to the tumour

28
Q

Why are MR scans good for the staging of a lung cancer tumour?

A

It doesn’t require IV contrast to see vessels.
It is on 3 planes
It has better soft tissue differentiation

29
Q

Why are MR scans not good for the staging of a lung cancer tumour?

A

Costly
Time-consuming
Spatial resolution better with CT
Need gating to reduce motion artefacts

30
Q

What are common metastases from lung cancer?

A

Pleural, lung, bone, adrenal, brain, liver

31
Q

What are radiological interventions for small cell lung cancer?

A

CT guided lung biopsy
Pleural fluid drain
SVC stenting

32
Q

What would an ultrasound be used for at the chest?

A

Pleural effusion
Subphrenic collection - fluid between the diaphragm, liver and spleen
Assess movement of the diaphragm
US guided drainage

Respiratory (16 decks)

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