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Chairside Study Guide > Radiology Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Radiology Quiz 2 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

What is Acetic Acid?

A

Removes acids from film

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2
Q

What agents are the hardening agents used to shrink and harden gelatin in emulsion?

A

Potassium aluminum and aluminum sulfate

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3
Q

What preserves the fixer?

A

Sodium sulfite preservative

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4
Q

What does sodium thiosulfate fixing agent (aka clearing solution) do?

A

It removes unexposed unenergized undeveloped silver crystals from emulsion

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5
Q

What is the fixer job?

A

Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals and creates white/clear areas on film

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6
Q

What is the developer job?

A

Builds contrast and brings out the latent image and converts silver crystals into metallic silver

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7
Q

What is hydroquione?

A

Generates black tones

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8
Q

Elon and metal?

A

Generates gray tones

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9
Q

Sodium sulfite preservative?

A

Helps preserve developer

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10
Q

What is sodium carbonate accelerator? Aka activator

A

Softens the film gelatin to allow developing agent to reach silver crystals

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11
Q

What does potassium bromide restrainer control?

A

Controls the activity of developing agent and helps prevent chemical fog on film

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12
Q

What are two automatic professors?

A

Perio-Pro (tracks)

AT/2000 (rollers)

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13
Q

How long does automatic processing take?

A

4-7 minutes

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14
Q

An illumination will not affect the X-ray film as long as it is placed _____ above the work surface

A

3-4 feet

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15
Q

Liquids concentrate need to be changed every ______.

A

3-4 weeks

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16
Q

What is the developer temp for the automatic processor?

A

80-95 degrees F

Automatically tempered

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17
Q

What are the steps for the automatic processor?

A
  1. Developer
  2. Fixer
  3. Water (rinse)
  4. Drying
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18
Q

When do we replenish the developer and fixer?

A

Daily

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19
Q

When do we change water?

A

Daily

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20
Q

When do you disassemble and clean the automatic processor?

A

2-3 weeks

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21
Q

How long does manual processing take?

A

34 minutes

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22
Q

What is the developer temperature for manual processing?

A

68-70 degrees F

Floating thermometer

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23
Q

How often do you clean dip tanks aka manual?

A

3-4 weeks

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24
Q

How long do you keep film in developer for manual processing?

A

68 degrees - 4 1/2 min

70 degrees - 4 min

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25
What are the steps for manual processing?
1. Developer 2. Rinse (20 seconds) 3. Fixer (10 minutes) 4. Wash (20 minutes) 5. Dry = using X-ray film rack
26
How often should you check for light leaks in the dark room?
6 months
27
What is a coin test?
Put a coin over an unexposed film and let it sit for 3 minutes under the safe light, process the film. If u see outline you have fogging and diagnostic information is being compromised Safelight test
28
What does MPD stand for?
Maximum permissible dose of radiation, humans can receive this amount with NO ILL EFFECTS
29
Give examples of background radiation people are subjected to on a daily basis.
Smoke detectors, cooking with natural gas, airplane, sleeping next to someone, living in brick house, reading a book for 3 hours
30
What are silver halide bromide salts and their purpose?
They absorb radiation during X-ray exposure and store energy from radiation
31
What is the safelight and its purpose in a dark room?
An illumination that will not affect the X-ray film
32
What is the appropriate watts for a red and yellow safelight in the dark room?
Red - 15 watts | Yellow - 7.5-10 watts
33
What is the minimum and maximum safe distance from safelight and film?
3 to 4 feet
34
What are the processing steps when using the for automatic processing unit? (4)
Developer Fixer Water Drying
35
What is the processing steps when using manual dip tanks?(5)
``` Developer Rinse (20 seconds) Fixer (10 min) Wash (20 min) Dry ```
36
What is a daylight loader?
A light shielded compartment attached to an automatic processor allowing films to be unwrapped in a room with white light
37
Infra oral film sizes and speeds
``` #0 - pedo (2-5 years) #1 - anterior film 20 Ct (age 6) #2 - adult film 18 fms #3 - long bitewing #4 - occlusal film ```
38
Another name for paralleling technique?
Long come/right angle
39
Paralleling technique year?
1920
40
What does REM stand for and what does it measure?
Roentgen equivalent man(human) It measures biological effects and response Dose equivalent
41
What does RAD stand for and what does it measure?
radiation absorbed dose It measure absorbed dose in the "body"
42
What does R stand for and what does it measure
Roentgen | It measures the exposure of radiation in the "air"
43
How can safe light in dark room be tested?
Coin test
44
What is the FFD stand for?
Focal film distance
45
What is the OFD stand for?
Object film distance
46
Taking FMS on an edentulous patient, what would be the possible reasons, what is dentist looking to see?
Residual root tips Unerupted teeth Any pathologies
47
What is the purpose of the developer during the film and processing segment?
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver and creates dark and black areas on film
48
What is the purpose of the fixer during the film processing segment?
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals, creates white or clear areas on the film
49
Know the chemicals that make up the developer and fixer. Developer (6) Fixer (5)
Developer 1. Hydroquinone 2. Elon 3. Metol 4. Sodium sulfite preservative 5. Sodium carbonate accelerator(activator) 6. Potassium bromide restrainer Fixer 1. Sodium thiosulfate fixing agent and cleaning solution 2. Sodium sulfite preservative 3. Potassium aluminum 4. Aluminum sulfide 5. Acetic acid
50
What does hydroquinone do?
Generates black tones
51
What does Elon and metol do?
Generate gray tones
52
What does sodium sulfite preservative do?
Helps preserve fixer and developer
53
What does sodium carbonate accelerator do? (Activator)
Softens the film gelatin to allow developing agent to reach crystals
54
What is potassium bromide restrainer?
Controls the activity of the developing agent and helps to prevent chemical fog on film
55
Potassium aluminum/aluminum sulfide?
Hardening agents used to shrink and harder gelatin in emulsion
56
What would make a coin test fail?
The safelight was either mounted below 3 feet/bulb was too strong or wattage was off
57
What does radiopaque mean, and give examples of what would appear as radiopacity on a radiograph?
Not transparent to radiation White and gray areas on radiograph Amalgam and crowns
58
What does radiolucent mean and give examples of what would appear as a radiolucency on a radiograph?
Transparent to radiation Black areas on radiograph Pulp and cavities
59
What should the temperature of the developing solution be to prevent overdevelopment of the film both manually and automatically?
Man - 68-70 degrees F | Automatic - 80-95 degrees F
60
If reticulation is noticed on a radiograph, what is wrong with the developing segment of manual processing dip tanks?
The temperature of the fixer and developer are way to low causing reticulation (goes below 68-70)
61
What is radioresistent mean and give an example of what tissues and organs that are radioresistent to radiation
Substance or tissue that is not easily injured(resistant) by ionizing radiation 1. Kidneys 2. Nerves 3. Liver 4. Connective tissue 5. Brain
62
What is radiosensitive mean and give an example of what tissues/organs that are radiosensitive to radiation
Substance or tissue that is relatively susceptible (sensitive to injury from radiation) 1. Thyroids 2. Gonads 3. Skin 4. Bone marrow/bone cells 5. Blood and blood cells
63
What is reduction?
When the image is being processed
64
What is the difference between curve of spee and curve of | Wilson?
Wilson - lingual | Spee - labial
65
Somatic and genetic?
Somatic - changes in cells that are not passed on to next generations (everything but reproductive cells) EX: erythema/cataracts Genetic - changes in cells that are passed on to future generations EX: Down syndrome/deformities/miscarriages
66
What is cumulative effect and how does it effect humans?
The amount of radiation that you get over time that never goes away, it effects humans because they are exposed to radiation
67
What is C/KG stand for, and what does it measure?
Coulombs per kilogram - exposure of radiation in the air
68
What does GY stand for, and what does it measure?
Gray - measures absorbed does in body
69
What is a dose?
Term used to measure radiation
70
What is the Sv stand for, and what does it measure?
Sievert - measures the biological effects and response
71
What will happen if X-ray films are Not properly washed during manual processing? How can it be prevented?
It will turn yellowish brown, make sure you are washing for the exact 20 minutes
72
What natural source of radiation provides the greatest amount of background radiation to humans?
Radon
73
How often should radiographic solutions be changed in automatic processor?
2-3 weeks
74
How often should the water be changed in automatic and manual?
Daily
75
How often should solutions be changed in manual processing?
3-4 weeks
76
Excessive and inadequate vertical angulation cause what to happen to the film?
Elongation - caused by too little | Foreshortening - caused by too much
77
What does incorrect horizontal angulation cause?
Overlapping - teeth appear to touch

Chairside Study Guide (18 decks)

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