Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Study > Railway Vehicle Technology > Flashcards

Railway Vehicle Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Vehicle Mass per seat

Examples for passenger transport

A 
Air    250kg/seat
Car.  300
Bus.  250
Local train.  500-600
Regional train 600-800
High speed train (Japan). 500-600
High speed train (eu) 900-1200
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

6 reasons why rail vehicles are often heavy

A 
High passenger safety
High operational safety
Long life
Good comfort
Standardized components
Long tradition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 consequences of higher vehicle mass

A 
More track damage
More wheel and brake damage
More maintenance of wheels and brakes
Poorer acceleration and Retardation 
Alternatively upgrading of traction and braking systems
Increased energy usage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 reasons why rail vehicle can’t be much lighter

A

Powered wheelsets may slip excessively
Light vehicles might overturn in strong crosswinds
Very light vehicles might derail at high longitudinal forces between vehicles
Very light vehicles might not short-circuit the tracks signaling system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mass dependence of energy usage

A

RB, G, Acc, R

Metro. 80%
Regional 43%
High speed 19%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cost comparison:
Mass car x2
Mass train /2

A

Car +5€/100pkm

Train -0.65€/100pkm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adhesion utilization

A

α = Fα / mα g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Probability of 0.22 available adhesion

A

0.03

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is utilized adhesion always lower than wheel rail friction?

A
  • utilized adhesion cannot be lower than available adhesion
  • lateral forces and motions “consume” part of the friction
  • track irregularities prevent vertical force from being constant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of available adhesion levels in practice

A 
Traction:
V<50.    0.25
V>50.    0.2
At higher speeds.  0.1-0.2
At leaf fall.       0.03-0.05

Braking (safety related)
V< 200. 0.1-0.15
V>200. 0.05-0.1
At lead fall. 0.03-0.05

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenomena to be considered for vehicle gauging

A 
Curving behavior
vehicle movements:
-lat displ wheelset/track
-lat displ 1. 2. suspesion
-lat displ sway/tilt
-vert displ wheelset/track
-vert displ 1. 2. suspensioin
-vert displ sway/tilt
-displacement due to asymmetry
-space for track irregularities (3D)
-margins for others (wind, future changes, uncertanties)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formula for equivalent mass

A

me = m+Je/r²

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

definition structure gauge or obstacle gauge

A

the space to be kept free of fixed installations

sizing is based on a standardised reference vehicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

definition loading gauge or construction gauge

A

loading gauge defines the cross section of the reference vehicle
construction gauge, when loading gauge restricted by vehicle itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Formula for curving overthrow

A

Δi: a²+a_p²/8R
a bogie distance
a_p wheelset distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Curve widening of structure gauge

EU vs SE

A

SE very high

Eu very low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Running resistance

A

Dm mechanical
Dc additional in curves
Da aerodynamic drag
Ds gradient resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Davis equation

A

Dm Da = A Bv Cv^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aerodynamic drag

A

ρ/2 A Cd v^2 +

(q +Co Lt) v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gradient resistance

A

m g G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Static gauge

A

Implies that the vehicle has low sway flexibility/stiff suspension

Only considers pure lateral and vertical maximum displacements of suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Kinematic reference gauge

A

Includes most vehicle movements- excluding movements that are different on different railway networks (variations in cant deficiency)

Used in interoperable European vehicles
UIC 505

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dynamic envelope

A

All tolerances and movements, defined just inside the limit structure gauge

Well defined division between vehicle and infrastructure

24
Q

Comparative gauging

A

If gauge generally undefined

Comparator vehicle with proven history is used

25
Q

Stiff-soft wheelset steering

A

Stiff: good on straight
Curves: High lateral track forces, high running resistance, large wear on wheel and track

Soft, good on curve
Risk for hunting on straight

26
Q

Weight difference empty loaded examples

A

El loco. +1%
Coaches long distance 20
Coaches suburban 70
Freight 500

27
Q

Rubber springs

A

Pro: different geometries
Built in damping
Low weight small volume
Inexpensive

Con: high dynamic stiffness
Stiffness increase at low temperature
Crew page in springs over long term

28
Q

Air springs

A 
Pro: isolates noise/vibes
Little vertical space
Automatic floor leveling
Low stiffness for large volume
Stiffness increases with more load

Con: complicated
Expensive
Orifice damping can result in too high stiffness

29
Q

Coil springs

A

Pro: Little lateral space
Easy to get desired stiffness

Cons: large vertical space
Large height difference for load variations
Horizontal displacement limited
No damping

30
Q

Kinds of dampers

A

Hydraulic
Friction
Orifice

31
Q

Connection to bogie car body

A

Directly suspended
Plate
Traction rod

32
Q

Jacobs bogies

A

Pro: less bogies
Reduced weight, a drag, energy
Lower floor level
Wider/comfortabler gangways

Con: high axle load
Shorter car bodies
Difficult to uncouple

33
Q

Sl Subway semi trailer

A

Pros and cons similar to jacobsbogies

34
Q

Inboard bearing bogie

A

Reduced: weight
Umsprung mass
Space required
Life cycle cost

35
Q

Running gear with independent rotating wheels

A

Pro: Low floor level
No hunting motion
Good in R<150m

Con: no self steering
Higher flange climbing risk
Difficult to drive wheels evenly

36
Q

Acceleration distance

A

V^2/2a

37
Q

Weight difference empty loaded examples

A

El loco. +1%
Coaches long distance 20
Coaches suburban 70
Freight 500

38
Q

Rubber springs

A

Pro: different geometries
Built in damping
Low weight small volume
Inexpensive

Con: high dynamic stiffness
Stiffness increase at low temperature
Crew page in springs over long term

39
Q

Air springs

A 
Pro: isolates noise/vibes
Little vertical space
Automatic floor leveling
Low stiffness for large volume
Stiffness increases with more load

Con: complicated
Expensive
Orifice damping can result in too high stiffness

40
Q

Coil springs

A

Pro: Little lateral space
Easy to get desired stiffness

Cons: large vertical space
Large height difference for load variations
Horizontal displacement limited
No damping

41
Q

Kinds of dampers

A

Hydraulic
Friction
Orifice

42
Q

Connection to bogie car body

A

Directly suspended
Plate
Traction rod

43
Q

Jacobs bogies

A

Pro: less bogies
Reduced weight, a drag, energy
Lower floor level
Wider/comfortabler gangways

Con: high axle load
Shorter car bodies
Difficult to uncouple

44
Q

Sl Subway semi trailer

A

Pros and cons similar to jacobsbogies

45
Q

Inboard bearing bogie

A

Reduced: weight
Umsprung mass
Space required
Life cycle cost

46
Q

Running gear with independent rotating wheels

A

Pro: Low floor level
No hunting motion
Good in R<150m

Con: no self steering
Higher flange climbing risk
Difficult to drive wheels evenly

47
Q

Acceleration distance

A

V^2/2a

48
Q

Block braking

A

Pro: simple, cheap, light
Cleans wheel tread

Con: energy dissipated by wheels
Tread wear
Noise

49
Q

Disc brakes

A

Pro: thermal energy in deprecate discs
Speed independent
Long life, low noise, no wheel wear

Con: expensive, heavy,
+unsprung mass
Special axles

50
Q

Magnet rail braking

A

Pro: weight independent
Cleans rails

Con: expensive, heavy
Needs el power
Bad at high speed
Wear

51
Q

Double deck

A

Pro: 30-40% more seats
10-20% lower cost
Suitable for uic

Con: level differences
High center of gravity
Side wind sensitivity
Narrow profile on top level
Low ceiling height
52
Q

Extra wide trains

A

Pro: 25-35% more seats
15-20% lower costs
Tilting possible

Con: not suitable for uic
Middle seat not popular

53
Q

Passenger flow

A

Lane:

1: 75-90cm, 20-30p/min
1. 5: 120-130, 30-45
2: 140-160, 40-60

54
Q

Local vs long distance

A

Local has:
Double capacity per wagon
Halv the stopping time
Needs 4-6 lanes instead 1-2

55
Q

Name of safety related place at each end of a train

A

Survival space

56
Q

Car body materials

A

Carbon steel
Stainless steel
Aluminium
Composites and sandwich structures

57
Q

Car body definition

A

Load carrying structure
Outer equipment
Interior and comfort systems

Study (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions