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Question 1

Hardwoods are…

Softwoods are…

Answer 1

Hardwoods- Deciduous trees

Softwoods- Coniferous trees

Question 2

Do do hardwoods lose foliage and if yes when?

Answer 2

In autumn and winter

Question 3

Do softwoods lose foliage and if yes when?

Answer 3

Keep foliage all year around

Question 4

What are the hardwoods foliage like?

Answer 4

Broad Shaped foliage

Question 5

What are the softwoods foliage like?

Answer 5

Needle shaped foliage

Question 6

What are hardwoods seeds like?

Answer 6

Have flesh-covered seeds

Question 7

What are softwoods seeds like?

Answer 7

Exposed seeds in cones

Question 8

Give three piece of information about the hardwoods trunk

Answer 8

Irregular trunk with a taper

Tend to have a branched or divided trunk

Large irregular branches above the trunk

Broad rounded crown

Question 9

Give three piece of information about the Softwoods trunk

Answer 9

Tend to have a single, straight trunk with small side branches

Narrow pointed crown

Cone shaped growth helps trees in temperature shed snow

Question 10

What kind of climates do softwoods grows in?

Answer 10

Generally grow in cooler climates

Question 11

What kind of climates do hardwoods grow in?

Answer 11

Generally grow in warmer climates

Question 12

Soil, for hardwoods?

Answer 12

Thrives in fertile soil

Question 13

Soil, for softwoods?

Answer 13

Can grow in most soil types

Question 14

Growth speed and maturity for hardwoods?

Answer 14

Slow-growing (maturity in 100-200 years)

Question 15

Growth speed and maturity for softwoods?

Answer 15

Fast-growing (maturity in 25-40 years)

Question 16

Which woods are generally cheaper or generally more expensive?

Answer 16

Hardwoods - normally more expensive

Softwoods - normally cheaper

Question 17

What are the seven steps to a life cycle of a tree?

Answer 17

Seed —> Dormancy —> Germination —> Seedling —> Sapling —> Mature tree —> Snag (dead tree)

Question 18

Explain the seven stages in a planted or managed forest or woodland

Answer 18

Draining and fencing —> Nursery —> Sapling planted in land —> Thinning —> Harvesting —> Waste material —> Transportation

Question 19

What are the six importance of trees for the environment?

Answer 19

Wildlife
Cycle of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Cooling
Well-being
Preventing pollution
Reducing flooding and storm water

Question 20

What are the five causes of deforestation?

Answer 20

Mining
Logging and harvesting
Cattle ranching
Crops
Urban development

Question 21

What are the five effects of deforestation?

Answer 21

Soil erosion 
Flooding 
Loss of biodiversity 
Environmental effects
Effect on native people

Question 22

What is conversion?

Answer 22

When a tree log is converted into timber of usable size

Question 23

What are the four main reasons why tree logs are converted into timber?

Answer 23

1. Allows wood to dry faster
2. It produces wood of useable size and shape
3. The quality of the timber can be viewed and evaluated
4. It reduces defects in timber

Question 24

What are the three methods of conversion?

Answer 24

Through and through sawing

Tangential sawing

Quarter sawing

Question 25

Give four advantages and disadvantages of Through And Through Sawing

Answer 25

Advantages: Simplest and cheapest method of conversion Very little waste Fast Widest possible board is obtained Disadvantages Boards tend to cup Grain pattern is not considered to be attractive Boards not as durable or strong as other methods of conversion Cannot be used as structural timber in a house

Question 26

Draw through and through sawing

Answer 26

Should be going across horizontally multiple times

Question 27

Give three advantages and four disadvantages of Quarter sawing

Answer 27

Advantages Strong and durable boards Stable boards, unlikely to cup or shrink Very attractive grain pattern Disadvantages Takes a lot of work and time Narrow boards are produced Expensive A lot of waste produced

Question 28

Draw Quarter sawing

Answer 28

Aid cross in the middle and going out from corners to more corners

Question 29

What are the three advantages and four disadvantages of Tangential swing

Answer 29

Advantages Very strong durable boards are produced Boards will not split easily with nails Flame figure grain pattern is produced Disadvantages Expensive Takes a lot of work and time Boards can cup and shrink Majority of boards are quite narrow A lot of waste produced

Question 30

Draw Tangential sawing

Answer 30

Square hole in the middle and squares continue to go out