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Question 1

Non-ionic contrast media has an average osmolality _______

Answer 1

750 mOsm/kg of water

Question 2

What are some types of non-ionic contrast?

Answer 2

1. iopamidol (Isovue)
2. lohexol (omnipaque)
3. Iopromide (ultravist)

Question 3

True/false
Patient does can be reduced by using a technique termed partial scam or half scan which reduces the total rotation of the X-ray tube.

Answer 3

True

The use of partial scan or half scan technique allows the technologist to reduce the total rotation of the x-ray tube, reducing the scan time and subsequently the patient dose

Question 4

The total quantity of radiation dose received by the patient from a CT scan series is termed _______

Answer 4

MSAD

Question 5

Platelets are small cell fragments responsible for the clotting of blood. The normal range for an adult is between _______

Answer 5

150,000 to 400,000 platelets/mm 3 of blood

Question 6

When a patient suffers from an a. Cardiac event CPR must be administered within a maximum of ___ minutes to avoid the risk of brain damage.

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Iodine is commonly used in radiopaque contrast media because of its ____________

Answer 7

High atomic number

Iodine’s high atomic number causes it to attenuate a large portion of the primary beam. Introducing iodine into tissue changes the subject contrast of the enhanced atomic area.

Question 8

Iodine is commonly used in radiopaque contrast media because of its ____________

Answer 8

High atomic number

Iodine’s high atomic number causes it to attenuate a large portion of the primary beam. Introducing iodine into tissue changes the subject contrast of the enhanced atomic area.

Question 9

What are enteric precautions protecting against?

Answer 9

They protect against The spread of infection to indirect or direct contact with fecal matter. The use of gowns and gloves are included in enteric precaution a mask is not necessary

Question 10

Benadryl is also known as

Answer 10

Diphenhydramine

Question 11

Insufficient volume of circulating blood causes

Answer 11

Hypovolemic shock

Question 12

Common S/S of hypovolemic shock

Answer 12

Pallor
HypOTension
Tachycardia
Oliguria

Question 13

Mild reactions to IV contrast include

Answer 13

Nausea/vomiting
Mild urticaria
Warm flushed sensation

Question 14

refers to the relationship between the x-ray tube and detectors during scout pictures

Answer 14

azimuth setting

0degree- ap or pa

Question 15

Quantitive CT is moved used for the diagnosis of

Answer 15

osteoporosis

Question 16

condition of excessive nitrogenous waste in the blood

Answer 16

azotemia

Question 17

the adult spinal cords ends at about

Answer 17

L1-L2

Question 18

IV contrast is usually excreted from a PT w normal kidney function in

Answer 18

1-2 hours

Question 19

the average density in Hounsfield units of a renal cyst should be between

Answer 19

-20 to +20 Hounsfield unit

Question 20

This specialized technique incorporates narrow section widths and a high-resolution algorithm for image reconstruction

Answer 20

high-resolution CT

Question 21

What types of detectors are used in CT

Answer 21

scintillation

gas ionization

Question 22

hemorrhage that occurs between the skull and the outermost meningeal covering of the brain (dura mater)

Answer 22

epidural hematoma

Question 23

occur between the dura mater and the meninges

Answer 23

arachnoid hematoma

Question 24

inner most layer of the meninges

Answer 24

pia mater

Question 25

what is complete cardiac diastole?

Answer 25

period of relaxation of the heart; ventricular and atrial diastole (relaxation) indicated by T wave on ECG

Question 26

where is the thymus gland located

Answer 26

anterosuperior portion of the mediastinum and is easily visible in patients before puberty

Question 27

what is a hybrid array?

Answer 27

narrow detector positioned midline flanked by wider detectors

Question 28

MSAD

Answer 28

multiple scan average dose | calculation of the avg cumulative dose to each section within an acquisition of multiple sections

Question 29

sensitivity is also known as

Answer 29

contrast resolution

Question 30

The total length of a CT scan may be calculated by

Answer 30

multiplying the scan time by the aperture size

Question 31

avg density of a renal cyst

Answer 31

-20 to +20 hounsfield units

Question 32

protect you from the spread of infection through indirect or direct contact with fecal matter

Answer 32

Enteric precautions

Question 33

Gas accumulating within a degenerating intervertebral disk is termed

Answer 33

Vacuum phenomenon

Question 34

Parenteral routes of medication administration include:

Answer 34

intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, and subcutaneous.

Question 35

Strict isolation precautions

Answer 35

refers to the precautions used with patients at risk of infection. This type of precaution technique was once referred to as protective or reverse isolation.

Question 36

Which generation of scanners employ multi-row detector technology?

Answer 36

3rd gen

Question 37

A CT examination of the liver shows an abnormal finding of reduced density what is it probably

Answer 37

fatty infiltrate

Question 38

The CT technologist controls the energy level of x-ray photons by selecting the appropriate

Answer 38

tube voltage

Question 39

A CT examination of a female pelvis reveals ascites present in an area posterior to the uterus and ovaries known as...

Answer 39

the cul-de-sac

Question 40

Which cranial nerve would an acoustic neuroma be found?

Answer 40

8th

Question 41

Area of the tube which allows the xray beam to pass through

Answer 41

Tube window

Question 42

Increase in avg energy if the xray beam as it penetrates tissue

Answer 42

Beam hardening

Question 43

How do you find slice thickness

Answer 43

Xray beam thickness/number of slices

Question 44

What type of image noise can be most easily reduced by the tech?

Answer 44

quantum noise

Question 45

The detectors of a PET system absorb and measure what type of radiation?

Answer 45

annihilation photons

Question 46

the broadening of the slice sensitivity profile inherent to helical CT acquisition is said to negatively affect

Answer 46

longitudinal spatial resolution

Question 47

describes the degree to which pt movement during volumetric acquisition can negatively affect image detail

Answer 47

longitudinal spatial resolution

Question 48

a voxel's dimension may be decreased by

Answer 48

decreasing the section width

Question 49

names commonly given to high spatial frequency algorithms

Answer 49

bone, edge, detail

Question 50

what composes the C.O.W.

Answer 50

``` anterior cerebral anterior communicating internal carotid posterior cerebral posterior communicating arteries ```

Question 51

full width at half maximum of a slice sensitivity profile diagram indicates

Answer 51

effective section width

Question 52

the ability of an object to attenuate the x-ray beam is assigned a value known as the

Answer 52

linear attenuation coefficient

Question 53

in MSCT, the beam pitch is equal to the table feed per rotation divided by the

Answer 53

total collimation

Question 54

The definition of absorption efficiency is

Answer 54

the percent of x-rays entering the chamber which collide with the detector atoms

Question 55

An artifact from a faulty detector would appear on a localizer image as

Answer 55

A black line throughout the image, parallel to the long axis of the patient table

Question 56

The CT image of the brain exhibiting a cupping artifact will appear brighter

Answer 56

At the periphery of the brain

Question 57

The direction in which the streaks from the edge gradient effect eminate in what orientation from the structure being imaged?

Answer 57

Parallel to the direction of the sharp density difference interface.

Question 58

the excretory phase of renal contrast enhancement occurs at approx

Answer 58

3-5 minutes

Question 59

In PTs who are left dominant, the posterior descending artery branches from the

Answer 59

left circumflex artery

Question 60

the process by which electrons are produced at the cathode of a CT x-ray tube is known as

Answer 60

thermionic emission

Question 61

forumla for pixel dimension

Answer 61

DFOV/matrix size

Question 62

Each 1% in contrast between adjacent objects amounts to a difference in pixel value of approx

Answer 62

10 HU

Question 63

the early arterial phase of hepatic contrast enhancement occurs at approx

Answer 63

15-20 seconds

Question 64

When choosing a window to display a CT image, the width defines the

Answer 64

range of CT numbers (pixels) to be displayed

Question 65

what type of reconstruction was used in the first prototype CT scanner

Answer 65

iterative technique

Question 66

Why is it recommended that data acquisition for a CTA of the pulmonary arteries be performed in the caudocephalad direction?

Answer 66

less streaking artifact from dense contrast in the superior vena cava

Question 67

the equilibrium phase of hepatic contrast enhancement occurs at approx

Answer 67

120-180 seconds

Question 68

CT images that have been reconstructed from a portion of the data acquisition process in the hopes of reducing PT motion artifacts are called

Answer 68

segmented images

Question 69

the articulation between the distal tibia and fibula is called the

Answer 69

syndesmosis

Question 70

the left and right brachiocephalic veins originate from

Answer 70

the superior vena cava

Question 71

MRP images along the long axis of the optic nerve would be best described by what plane?

Answer 71

oblique sagittal

Question 72

Which layer of the uterine wall brightly enhances after IV administration of an iodinated contrast agent?

Answer 72

myometrium

Question 73

Prospectively gated cardiac CT data acquisition occurs only during the portion of the ECG termed the

Answer 73

T wave

Question 74

ability of a fluid to flow

Answer 74

viscosity

Question 75

systemic hypertension often leading to cerebral ischemia

Answer 75

vasovagal reaction

Question 76

areas of a CT image containing abrupt changes in tissue density are electronically represented by

Answer 76

high spatial frequencies

Question 77

Which phase of IV contrast provides the best gastric and intestinal wall enhancement?

Answer 77

portal venous

Question 78

degree of CT section broadening that occurs along the z-axis during volumetric data acquisition is represented graphically by the

Answer 78

SSP | slice sensitivity profile

Question 79

the liver has a dual blood supply and receives 25% of its blood from the

Answer 79

hepatic artery | 75% portal vein

Question 80

beam pitch is equal to

Answer 80

table feed per rotation divided by total collimation

Question 81

areas of a CT image containing abrupt changes in tissue density are electronically represented by

Answer 81

high spatial frequencies