random Flashcards
T/F: Picornavirus (rhinovirus), coronavirus, paramyxovirus (parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus), and orthomyxovirus (influenza) all have a persistent replication pattern
False, they have an acute infection pattern with replicaiton confined to respiratory mucosal surface.
Persistent replication on respiratory mucosal surface is characteristic of adenovirus
Paramyxovirus (mumps, measles) Herpesviruses (EBV, VZV, HHV6, CMV) Rubella, Picornavirus
(polio) all belong to which pattern of infeciton?
Systemic replication (dissemination) after primary replication in respiratory tract
Picornavirus (rhinovirus) Coronavirus
Paramyxovirus (parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus) Orthomyxovirus (Influenza) all belong to what pattern of infection?
Acute infection with replication confined to respiratory mucosal surface
T/F: Coronavirus, paramyxovirus, and orthomyxovirus are all (+) ssRNA virus?
False Coronavirus is (+)ssRNA
Paramyxo and orthoxmyxo are both (-) ssRNA
MERS/SARS
Where does orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus replication?
Ortho - Nuclear
Para-cytoplasm
Both are enveloped
Respiratory syncytial virus, measles and mumps all belong to which virus?
paramyxovirus
croup is caused by which 2 viruses?
(paramyxovirus= (-)ssRNA replicates in cytoplasm)
parainfluenza and RSV
croup+ laryngotracheobronchitis
peak incidence in winter
barking cough in infants
Which respiratory virus is being described: Pharyngoconjunctivial fever, pneumonia, febrile upper tract infection, double stranded DNA virus
Adenovirus
Think close quarters: boot camp…under stress, younger peiople)
Military has vaccine, but not in widespread use
What virus is being described?
Symptoms: inspiratory stridor, cough hoarseness
•Peak incidence in winter
•Starts like a cold in adults and infants
•Infants may develop a distinctive barking cough, called croup
•Commonly treated at home with steam and humidifiers
•Complications: pneumonia and respiratory distress
Croup
paramyxovirus= (-)ssRNA replicates in cytoplasm)
parainfluenza and RSV
________ is a technique that allows for separation of blood components by centrifugation for removal and/or exchange
Apheresis
______ is a technique that allows for the alteration and/or removal of plasma via diffusion and/or convection
Dialysis
Anticoaguation is necessary in both apheresis and dialysis….what anticoag agents are used for both?
Apheresis: Citrate (local)
Dialysis: Heparin (Systemic)
Who needs dialysis? (AEIOU)
A: Acid-base problems E: Electrolyte problems I: Intoxications O: Overload of fluids U: Uremic symptoms
Who needs apheresis?
Autoantibodies, leukocytes, abnormal RBCs, leukemias, parasitemia, circulating immune complexes, hypercholesterolemia, malaria, systemic vasculitis
Fibrinoid necrosis is characteristic of what type of hypertenstion? What is the range of BP in this type of HTN>
Malignant HTN >180/120mmHg
This typically presents with acute end organ damange and is a medical emergency
Elevated anti-streptolysin O titer is seen in which cardiac condition involving s. pyogenes?
Suggest acute rheumatic fever which has small nondestructive verrucous vegetations
name the cardiomyopathy:
Gross Appearance: Asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (bulges into the left ventricular outflow tract)
Histologic Appearance: Myofiber disarray
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Which 2 cardiomyopathies produces diastolic dysfunction?
Diastolic dysfucntion- ventricles cant fill
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- ventricles cant fill due to LV hypertrophy-decrease CO
Restrictuve cardiomyopathy- decreased compliance of ventricle that restricts filling during diastole
Which cardiomyopathy produces a systolic dysfunction?
Dilated cariomyopathy
Results in systolic dysfunction wher ethe ventricles cannot pump, leading to biventricular CHF
Histology of fibrosis seen between cardiac myocytes and dilation of all 4 chambers occurs in which cardimyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Biventricular CHF that can lead to tricuspid and mitral valve regurg because the area is spread out
Genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins and myofiber hypertrophy with disarray, box car nuclei and “replacement fibrosis” is seen in which cardiomyopathy?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A “Machinery-like” murmur is an indication of which fetal cardiac issue?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Associated with maternal rubella infection, may predispose to infective endocarditis
Left ventricular output is shunted into the pulmonary circulation
Increased volume and pressure of blood in the pulmonary circulation eventually leads to pulmonary hypertension
Why might you see high pulmonary bp with PDA?
Left ventricular output is shunted into the pulmonary circulation
Increased volume and pressure of blood in the pulmonary circulation eventually leads to pulmonary hypertension
_______ Syndrome (507):
Delayed form of pericarditis
Develops 2 to 10 weeks after infarction (or cardiac surgery)
Formation of antibodies to heart muscle
Physical examination finds a friction rub along with increased jugular venous pressure and pulsus paradoxus (excess blood pressure drop with inspiration)
Dressler’s Syndrome
Treatment: Steroids