Random Anatomy- Exam 2 Flashcards by Caroline Chesser Young

Injury to superior gluteal nerve

Paralysis of gluteus medius

Trendelenburg test-pelvis descends to unsupported side
“Hip drop”
Gluteal gait “waddling”

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Trochantric and ischial bursitis

Point tenderness over greater trochanter

Excessive friction (cycling) “pain in the butt bone”

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Hamstring injuries

Common in runners

Tear from attachment (ischial tuberosity)

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Injury to sciatic nerve

Compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis- piriformis syndrome

Wound or surgery on medial side ➡️ injury to sciatic nerve ➡️ paralysis of hamstring ➡️ inability to extend and flex leg

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Intragluteal injection

Superolatetal quadrant is safe area for injection

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Tibialis anterior strain

“Shin splint”
Pain and inflammation of distal 2/3 of tibia

Common in runners

Tear in periosteum or point of attachment of TA

Can be avoided by proper warm up and cool down

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Injury to common fibular nerve

High risk of injury due to anatomical location

FOOT DROP
Making the limb “too long”
Paralysis of all muscles of anterior and lateral compartments (dorsiflexors of ankle and evertors of foot)
Loss of sensation on anterolateral leg & dorsum of foot

Compensations: waddling gait, swing-out gait, high stepping stoppage gait

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“Ski boot syndrome”

Deep fibular nerve entrapment

Pain in anterior compartment

Compression by tight fitting ski boots at extensor retinaculum

Soccer player, runners and use of tight shoes

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Superficial fibular nerve entrapment

Chronic ankle pain

Numbness and paresthesia

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First sign of PVD

Weak or absent dorsal is pedis pulses

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Tennis leg

Gastrocnemius strain

At musculotendinous junction

By over stretching; full extension of knee and dorsiflexion of ankle

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Posterior tibial pulse

Palpated b/w medial malleolus and calcaneal tendon

Invert the foot

Signs of peripheral arterial disease

Weak or absent pulses
Intermittent claudication
Atherosclerosis

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Tibial nerve injury

Deep laceration or posterior dislocation of knee

Inability to plantarflex

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Calcaneal tendon reflex

Tests S1 and S2 roots

Absent reflex in damage to spinal cord

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Calcaneal bursitis

Common sports injury

Pain posterior to heel

Due to excessive friction of bursa

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Femoral hernia

Protrusion of loop of guy through femoral ring (weak spot)

More common in women bc wider pelvis

Hernia may become subcutaneous after passing through saphenous opening

Strangulation of hernia is a surgical emergency ➡️ bowel obstruction

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Femoral artery pulse and cannulation

Strong pulsation inferior to inguinal ligament
Weak or absent if kink in aorta
Can be compressed to control bleeding
Used for left heart cath

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Femoral vein pulse and cannulation

Not palpable

Great saphenous vein empties 3 cm inferior to inguinal ligament

Right heart cath to measure PCWP

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Lumbar plexus

L1-L4

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Sacral plexus

L4-S4

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Structures perforating diaphragm:

T8-IVC

T10- esophagus, vagus

T12- aorta

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

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How many vertebrae are there?

In each section?

33
7 cervical
12 thoracic (for 12 thoracic ribs)
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused)
4 coccygeal (fused)

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Length of spinal cord

Extends from foramen magnum to L1/L2 in adult and L3 in new born
(Moves up with age)

41-48cm long

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Spinal cord terminates at?

Study These Flashcards

Conus medullaris (L2)

Extends down and anchors spinal cord in lower sacral region

Filum terminale

Cauda equina

(Horse tail) | The nerve group in lower dural sac (L1-S5)

What binds the epidural space posteriorly?

Ligametum flavum

Epidural space

The space above dura mater that surrounds meninges Extends from foramen magnum to sacral hiatus Widest at L2, narrowest at C5 Filled with fat and network of veins

A potential/hidden space that can be opened by the separation of the arachnoid mater from dura mater as a result of trauma or tumor

Subdural space

Subarachnoid space

Located b/w arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains CSF

Blood supply to spinal cord and nerve roots comes from where?

A single anterior spinal artery & paired posterior spinal arteries

The main site of action of neuraxial blockage is where?

The nerve roots

Structures pierced during lumbar puncture b/w L4 & L5

1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous tissue 3. Supraspinous ligament 4. Interspinous ligament 5. Ligamentum flavum 6. Epidural space 7. Dura mater 8. Subdural space 9. Arachnoid mater 10. Subarachnoid space- CSF

Hip and thigh contusion

Most common support injury of hip Charley horse

Tests femoral nerve and L2-L4 spinal segments

Patellar reflex “knee jerk”

Cannot extend leg

Paralysis of quadriceps

Chondromalacia of patella

“Runner’s knee” Due to trauma, extreme flexion or running

Tearing of proximal attachment of flexor and adductors due to sprinting or gymnastics

Groin pull

Coxa vara

Decreased angle of inclination

Coxa valga

Increased angle of inclination

What is the “push-off” muscle for walking?

Flexor hallucis longus

Most common site of femur fracture

Femoral neck

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Epiphysial fracture causing inflammation and chronic recurrent pain during adolescence

Which 3 muscles form “pea anserinus” on medial surface of superior tibia

Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus

Which muscle is not supplied by tibial division of sciatic nerve in posterior thigh muscles?

Biceps femoris short head- common fibular division

Anterior compartment of leg supplied by which nerve and artery?

Deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery

The lateral compartment aka “?” Compartment are supplied by which nerve?

Evertor | Superficial fibular nerve

Posterior compartment supplied by which nerve?

Tibial division

Which 3 muscles makeup the triceps surae?

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Positive trendelenburg test

Injury to superior gluteal nerve/ gluteus medius Contralateral hip drop

Compensations for foot drop

Waddling gait Swing-out gait High steppage gait

What is the function of the arches of foot?

Allows foot to hold up weight | Shock absorber

What would you do for rub fracture or after thoracic surgery?

Intercostal block

3 functions of larynx

1. Provide patent airway 2. Switching mechanism to route air & food 3. Voice production

Lobes of liver

Right Left Caudate Quadrate

Sequence of excitation

Sinoatrial node > internodal tracts > atrioventricular node > AV bundle > bundle branches > subendocardial branches > ventricular muscle

``` Heart shaped body Facets for head of rib Smaller vertebral foramen Long and strong transverse processes Long spinous processes ```

Thoracic vertebrae

Larger and heavier kidney shaped body Triangular vertebral foramen Long and slender transverse processes Hatchet-shaped short spinous processes

Lumbar vertebrae

Rupture ACL and PCL of knee

ACL- free tibia slides anteriorly under fixed femur PCL- free tibia slides posteriorly under fixed femur

Random Anatomy- Exam 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)