Lecture 8

Question 1

Fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure

Answer 1

Falx cerebri

Question 2

Runs along the vermis of the cerebellum

Answer 2

Falx cerebelli

Question 3

Horizontal dural fold extends into the transverse fissure

Answer 3

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 4

Pathway of CSF

Answer 4

Choroid plexus > lateral ventricle > foramina of monro > 3rd ventricle > aqueduct of Sylvius > 4th ventricle > foramina Lushka or Foramina Magendie > subarachnoid space of spinal cord > brain > arachnoid villi

Question 5

What are the cranial nerves?

Answer 5

(I) olfactory
(II) optic
(III) oculomotor 
(IV) trochlear
(V) trigeminal
(VI) abducens 
(VII)facial
(VIII) vestibulocochlear
(IX) glossopharyngeal
(X) vagus
(XI) spinal accessory
(XII) hypoglossal

Question 6

Narrowest point of larynx

Answer 6

In adult, b/w vocal cords

In children, below cords at cricoid

Question 7

Aortic cross clamping can disrupt the flow through _____

Answer 7

Artery of Adamkiewicz

May lead to paraplegia

Question 8

Cranial nerve (I)

Answer 8

Olfactory

Function: smell

Type: sensory

Question 9

Cranial nerve (II)

Answer 9

Optic

Function: sight

Type: sensory

Question 10

Cranial nerve (III)

Answer 10

Oculomotor

Function: eye movement, pupil constriction, accommodation, eyelid opening

Type: motor

Question 11

Cranial nerve (IV)

Answer 11

Trochlear

Function: supplies superior oblique

Type: motor

Question 12

Cranial nerve (V)

Answer 12

Trigeminal

Function: mastication, facial sensation

Type: both

Question 13

Cranial nerve (VI)

Answer 13

Abducens

Function: supplies lateral rectus

Type: motor

Question 14

Cranial nerve (VII)

Answer 14

Facial

Function: facial movement, anterior 2/3 taste, lacrimation, salivation, eye lid closing

Type: both

Question 15

Cranial nerve (VIII)

Answer 15

Vestibulocochlear

Function: hearing, balance

Type: sensory

Question 16

Cranial nerve (IX)

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal

Function: posterior 1/3 of taste, swallowing, gag reflex, salivation, monitoring carotid bodies/sinuses

Type: both

Question 17

Cranial nerve (X)

Answer 17

Vagus

Function: taste, swallowing, palate elevation, talking, thoraco-abdominal viscera

Type: both

Question 18

Cranial nerve (XI)

Answer 18

Accessory

Function: head turning, shoulder shrugging

Type: motor

Question 19

Cranial nerve (XII)

Answer 19

Hypoglossal

Function: tongue movement

Type: motor

Question 20

Damage to optic nerve

Answer 20

Blindness

Question 21

Injury to oculomotor nerve

Answer 21

Strabismus, ptosis, loss of light reflex

Question 22

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 22

“Tic Douloureux”

Most severe face pain- “suicide pain”

Involves V and IX

Tx: carbamazepine

Question 23

Paralysis of facial nerve

Answer 23

Bell’s Palsy

Idiopathic
Loss of taste
Paralysis of facial muscles
Herpes simplex virus type 1 possible cause
Wide open eye- infection, ulcers, “save the eye”
Resolves spontaneously
Surgical decompression of VII nerve

Question 24

Damage to VIII nerve

Answer 24

Nerve deafness

Question 25

Damage to vagus nerve

Answer 25

Hoarseness, loss of voice, impaired gut motility

Question 26

Damage to XII nerve

Answer 26

Tongue deviates to affected side

Question 27

Where are tracheostomys made?

Answer 27

Median cricothyroid ligament

Question 28

Largest cartilage of larynx. Forms Adam’s apple

Answer 28

Thyroid cartilage

Question 29

Inferior most cartilage of larynx. Beginning of trachea

Answer 29

Cricoid

Question 30

Major motor nerve of larynx

Answer 30

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 31

Laryngeal nerve supplies all intrinsic muscles EXCEPT?

Answer 31

Cricothyroid- supplied by superior laryngeal nerve

Question 32

_____ tightens the vocal cord; _____ relaxes the cord

Answer 32

Cricothyroid | Thyroarytenoid

Question 33

______ abducts the vocal cords; ________ adducts the cords

Answer 33

Posterior cricoarytenoid | Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 34

Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 34

Paralysis of cricoarytenoid > vocal cord cannot come together, hoarseness

Question 35

Most common injury after subtotal thyroidectomy

Answer 35

Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 36

What cranial nerves are involved in Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 36

V and IX

Question 37

Lateral rectus

Answer 37

moves eye laterally abducens

Question 38

Medial rectus

Answer 38

moves eye medially oculomotor

Question 39

superior rectus

Answer 39

elevates eye and turns it medially oculomotor

Question 40

inferior rectus

Answer 40

depresses eye and turns it medially oculomotor

Question 41

superior oblique

Answer 41

depresses eye and turns laterally trochlear

Question 42

inferior oblique

Answer 42

elevates eye and turns it laterally oculomotor