Random Earthquake Studies

Question 1

‘Wealth doesn’t alter the magnitude, time and and location of the earthquake.”
Example?

Answer 1

Japan Kobe earthquake, 7.2 and shallow focus of 17 km.

Question 2

Location example?

Answer 2

LEDC - bichuan, China fault line ran Straight through bichuan, through a school and 70,000 killed.
MEDC - Christchurch - 6 miles and 5 kilometres focus. - 101 killed.
Cannot alter location- if shallow focus and going directly across an urbanised high density area inevitably significant impact.

Question 3

Timing

Answer 3

Day or night
Nepal -2015 - farming in the open - reduced number of deaths
Kobe - night , very cold - led to more of those who died as result of hypothermia.
Monsoon, landslide natural hazard will hit lead to landslides.

Question 4

Where has human vulnerability been modified?

Through preparation - 2004 tsunami.

Answer 4

Japan 2004 tsunami 
Excellent warning system 
Warning system 3 minutes within seismic event. 
Tsunami walls to aid tsunami shelters. 
Reduced number of deaths

Question 5

Prediction is impossible - case study

Answer 5

L’aquilia, scientists sentenced for 6 years to manslaughter.
People signed petition saying volcanic preparation is impossible.

Question 6

What did David Petley say?

Answer 6

Believes preparation is way forward - 3/4 of deaths down to buildings In last buildings.
Therefore way forward, what does have a significant impact on why poorer countries are at risk is level of preparation

Question 7

Two different ways of preparation?

Answer 7

1. education
   - shake out day in us
   / earthquake day in Japan - 7.2 earthquake hitting Japan.
2. Buildings
   - 60 percent of LEDCs have Adobe buildings in LEDCs- 90 percent failure collapse roof.
   Vulnerable to secondary impacts
   - Haiti 86 percent live In slums.
   - cholera outbreak even prior to earthquake
   - no building regulations.
   - 151,000 people died in Haiti.

Question 8

Buildings

• material they use
• torre major
• building regulations - fault line

Answer 8

• add 10-25 percent on houses to make ai seismic.
  Tore mayor - Mexico
• foundations 3 times that of Empire State Building
  Withstand magnitude of 9.0
  Dampened
  Flexible glass
• us vigorous building codes, evacuation stipulations and preparations .

Question 9

More on Sichuan

Answer 9

• poor area
• poor infrastructure, cost cutting design, corruption, no steel enforcement.
• poor rural area- concentrated earthquake.
• landslides - Berchuan.

Question 10

Chile

Answer 10

Strict building codes

Question 11

California case studies

Answer 11

- hazardous areas identified 
Earthquakes features for buildings 
Great shake out 
- education and awareness 
- everything secure in buildings 
- houses have to be aseismic-10-35 percent more on cost.

Question 12

Modifying afterwards ?

Answer 12

• Kobe, well planned, evacuation
• Christchurch had the areas zones
• quick responses.