Random NBCOT Terms Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
BADL
A
Basic activities of daily living
2
Q
Stage 1 pressure ulcer
A
- no open wound/tears in skin
- skin reddens but does not blanch
- warm to the touch
- surrounding area may feel either firmer or softer
- client may report pain
3
Q
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
A
- partial-thickness skin loss
- exposed dermis
- open wound that looks like a scrape, blister, or tear
- client reports pain and tenderness
- warm to the touch
- localized edema
4
Q
Stage 3 pressure ulcer
A
- full-thickness skin loss
- open wound that looks like a crater
- wound extends into the fat layer, but not to the tendon, muscle, or bone
5
Q
Stage 4 pressure ulcer
A
- full-thickness tissue/skin loss
- open wound with visible muscle, tendon, or bone
- tunneling or undermining may both be present
6
Q
Unstageable pressure ulcer
A
- full-thickness skin/tissue loss
- wound completely converted by eschar or slough
7
Q
Musculoskeletal system: changes associated with aging
A
- decreased bone density
- sarcopenia (loss of muscle tissue)
- decline in skeletal flexibility/mobility
- joint degeneration
8
Q
Nervous system: changes associated with aging
A
- brain atrophy
- decrease in nerve conduction velocity
- reduced ability to maintain homeostasis
- decline in cognitive processing: memory, reaction time, processing speed, problem-solving
9
Q
Cardiopulmonary system: changes associated with aging
A
- thickening of inner lining of the heart
- decreased cardiac output
- changes in elastin of arterial walls
- reduced lung volume
10
Q
Integumentary system: changes associated with aging
A
- reduced collagen and elastin
- decreased melanin production
- reduced tactile sensitivity
- changes to hair growth, color, and thickness
11
Q
Genitourinary system: changes associated with aging
A
- smaller bladder capacity
- bladder muscle weakness
- reduced sensation to void
- decline in urethral closure
- changes in sexual organ functioning
12
Q
Hypertrophic scar
A
caused by overproduction of collagen & increased vascularity
- initially appearing as raised, thick, erythematous, possibly in circular/spiral pattern
- progressively becomes flatter/more pliable as wound matures & collagen fibers relax
13
Q
Superficial burn
A
1st degree burn
- mild sunburn or short exposure to heat source, chemical, hot liquid
- damage only to epidermis
- dry, superficial redness, blister free
- reports of mild to moderate discomfort
- no risk of scar formation/contracture
14
Q
Superficial partial thickness burn
A
- severe sunburn, lengthy exposure to heat source
- damage to upper dermis & epidermis
- blistering and redness
- reports of significant discomfort
- low risk of hypertrophic scar formation
15
Q
Deep partial thickness burn
A
- direct contact or lengthy exposure to a heat source
- complete destruction of epidermis and most of dermis
- redness and large blisters
- high risk of hypertrophic scar or contractures
16
Q
Full thickness burn
A
- damage to nerve endings, dermis, epidermis
- pale in appearance
- decreased tactile sensation
- high risk of hypertrophic scar or contractures, may require surgery to promote wound healing
17
Q
Web space contracture
A
Loss of tissue elasticity between fingers or toes impacting function
- commonly associated with soft tissue trauma such as a burn
18
Q
Spasticity
A
Abnormal motor movement resulting from impairment in CNS characterized by hypertonia
19
Q
Pitting edema
A
Type of interstitial swelling in extremities in which an indent appears after pressure is applied, typically graded from absent (0) to severe (3+)
20
Q
Subluxation of the shoulder
A
Musculoskeletal condition
- partial dislocation of glenohumeral joint
- caused by trauma, decreased muscle strength in RTC
21
Q
Rigidity
A
Abnormal neurogenic movements
- results in reflexive posturing, inflexibility, muscular stiffness, jerky/irregular movements
Types
- decorticate
- decree rate
- cog-wheel
- lead pipe
22
Q
Decorticate rigidity
A
Characteristic abnormal reflexive posturing secondary to severe brain injury, typically in Pts w/score of 3 on motor section of Glasgow coma scale
- flexion of elbows across chest
- adduction/flexion of wrists
- flexion of fingers
- extension/IR of legs
- plantar flexion of feet
23
Q
Decerebrate rigidity
A
Characteristic abnormal reflexive posturing secondary to severe brain injury, typically in Pt’s w/score of 2 on motor section of Glasgow coma scale
- adduction & extension of arms next to body
- pronation of forearms
- flexion of wrists & fingers
- extension & IR of legs
- plantar flexion of feet
24
Q
Cog-wheel rigidity
A
Motor dysfunction secondary to lesion of basal ganglia
- muscles respond in jerky motion when force is applied during flexion of a joint
- common PD symptom
25
Clasp-knife rigidity
Reflexive abnormal motor response due to cortical lesion
- spastic muscle suddenly releases tension & gives way in response to passive stretch
26
Lead pipe rigidity
Motor dysfunction secondary to a lesion of basal ganglia
- slow PROM, constant resistance is felt throughout
- common PD symptom
27
Clonus
Reflexive abnormal motor movements in response to tendon stretch (as in reflex testing)
- indicative of a cortical lesion
- series of involuntary rhythmic contraction & relaxation of the muscle
28
Frontal lobe
Lobe of the cerebral cortex
- emotional control
- impulse control
- motor function
- short-term memory
- initiation
- executive function: organization, planning, problem solving
- social & sexual behavior
29
Temporal lobe
Lobe of the cerebral cortex
- long-term memory
- receptive language (L temporal lobe)
- processing of sensory information (auditory and visual)
30
Parietal lobe
Cerebral cortex lobe
- integration of sensory information
- knowledge of numbers and their relations
- manipulation of objects
- visuospatial processing (right)
- praxis (left)
31
Occipital lobe
Cerebral cortex lobe
- visual reception
- color recognition
32
Explicit memory
Purposeful retrieval of experiences and factual information about everyday life events
Types:
- episodic
- semantic
33
Implicit memory
Automatic retrieval of motor or cognitive information required to perform actions or tasks
34
Short-term memory
Type of memory that involves storing chunks of information or facts for a limited duration of time
35
Long-term memory
Type of memory associated with storing information for an extended duration of time
Three types
- episodic
- semantic
- procedural
36
Episodic memory
Type of declarative LT memory associated with retrieval of personal information (food eaten for lunch, clothing worn to school, events at a party)
37
Semantic memory
Type of declarative LT memory associated with retrieval of common knowledge including vocabulary and general facts (colors, names of political leaders, capitals of countries)
38
Procedural memory
Type of LT memory associated with knowing how to perform learned skills and actions (how to ride a bicycle, tie shoes)
39
Prospective memory
Type of memory associated with remembering to perform an action or event planned for a future date (attend a medical appointment, take medication, pay a bill)
40
Encoding
Stage of memory where brain processes details of information to be remembered
Associated with following brain structures:
- language areas (Broca’s, Wernicke’s area)
- frontal lobes
- visual system
Stages of memory:
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
41
Storage
Stage of memory where encoded information is transferred to an area of the brain for later retrieval
Associated with following brain structures:
- bilateral medial temporal lobes
- hippocampus
Stages of memory:
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
42
Retrieval
Stage of memory where brain searches for and recalls relevant information
Associated with following brain structure:
- frontal lobe
Stages of memory
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
43
Cranial nerve 1: olfactory nerve
Cranial nerve that relays sense of smell
44
Cranial nerve II: optic nerve
Cranial nerve that relays visual information, including visual field and acuity
45
Cranial nerve III: oculomotor nerve
Cranial nerve that innervates muscles of the eyes for
- eyelid elevation (prevents ptosis)
- elevation, depression, adduction of the eye
- constriction of the pupil
46
Cranial nerve IV: trochlear nerve
Cranial nerve that innervates muscles of the eye for
- depression and abduction of the eye
47
Cranial nerve V: trigeminal nerve
- innervates muscles associated with chewing, biting, rotary movements of the jaw
- sensory branch innervates skin, mucous membranes, sinuses of the face
48
Cranial nerve VI: abducens nerve
- Abduction of the eye
- accommodation for far vision
49
Cranial nerve VII: facial nerve
- facial expression
- sense of taste for anterior two-thirds of tongue
50
Cranial nerve VII: vestibulocochlear nerve
- hearing
- balance
- postural control
51
Cranial nerve IX: glossopharangeal nerve & cranial nerve X: vagus
Tested together
- gag reflex
- regulation of blood pressure
- sense of taste for posterior one-third of tongue
- innervates pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
- parasympathetic innervation of chest and abdomen
52
Cranial nerve XI: spinal accessory nerve
- innervates sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles for motor movements of the shoulder and neck
53
Cranial nerve XII: hypoglossal nerve
Motor movement of the tongue
54
Visual field
The area that a person can see via central & peripheral vision
Examples of deficits in this field include
- central scoot a
- homonymous hemianopia
- quadrantanopia
55
Central scotoma
Impaired central vision
56
Quadrantanopia
Visual field deficit characterized by decreased vision in one quadrant of the visual field
57
Visual acuity
The ability of the visual system to clearly discriminate shapes & details in the environment
58
Visual accommodation
Mechanism of the eye that allow clarity of vision when a visual stimulus moves close to or away from the eyes
59
Stereopsis
Ability to see 3-D objects and perceive depth; may be impaired by
- monocular vision
- strabismus
60
Contrast sensitivity
Visual ability to differentiate between
- shades of color
- an object and its background
61
Strabismus
Condition in which the eyes do not align when looking at an object; impacts
- accurately reaching for objects
- reading
62
Stereognosis (haptic or tactile gnosia)
Ability to perceive/identify an object by touch without visual or auditory cues (i.e. identifying a light switch in a completely dark room
63
Oculomotor control
Ability of the eyes to move in all directions & move together, impairments may cause:
- increased head movement
- difficulty keeping place
64
Visual scanning
Ability of the eyes to systematically search, impairments may cause:
- decreased visual attention
- difficulty reading
- difficulty navigating
65
Visual attention
Ability to maintain one’s gaze on a visual stimulus
66
Pattern recognition
Ability to identify information and determine similarities & differences in the stimulus to form a meaningful pattern
67
Visual memory
Ability to capture a visual image & transfer it to short & long term memory for recognition & retrieval at a later time
68
Visual cognition
Ability to process visual information by integrating it with other sensory information to perform meaningful activities
69
Right/left discrimination
Ability to differentiate one side of the body from the other, impairments may cause:
- decreased ability to follow directional instructions
- difficulty with spatial relations
70
Topographic orientation
Ability to orient oneself to the surroundings using visuospatial skills, impairments may cause:
- difficulty with directions/navigation
- learning routes
71
Figure-ground discrimination
Ability to focus on a single detail in a busy background, impairments may cause difficulties with:
- locating personal items in a cluttered space
- flinging information on a blackboard
- locating a person in a crowd
72
Dysphasia
Difficulty in swallowing associated with
- neurological, developmental, or oral motor condition
- sensory, motor, or behavioral dysfunction
73
Cleft lip & palate
Structural deformity in which upper lip &/or palette has congenital separation requiring surgery
Intervention: safe feeding strategies pre & post op
74
Oral motor dysfunction
Functional impairment of the musculature of lips, jaw, tongue, cheeks associated with neuromuscular and/or developmental conditions
Difficulties with
- eating
- blowing/sucking
- speaking
75
Client record
Written documentation that contains data pertaining to client’s situation
76
Record review
Process of gathering relevant information to support safe/effective therapeutic process
Examples:
- medical chart
- radiology/lab reports
- prior therapy notes
- reports from interprofessional team members
77
Questionnaire
Assessment method in which client or proxy answers series of written questions to contribute information during data-gathering process
78
Screening
Quick method for acquiring general information about client’s diagnosis or cognition
often used to determine rehabilitation potential or need for more in-depth assessment
79
Performance-based test
Type of assessment in which occupational performance is measured through observation & analysis of client engaging in functional tasks
80
Evaluation
Comprehensive process to determine client-centered priorities and goals, components include
- creating occupational profile
- administering standardized and non standardized assessments
- formulating conclusions regarding needs/priorities
- collaboration to develop targeted plan
81
Assessment
Standardized or nonstandardized tool to collect specific information for the evaluation
Examples
- COPM
- Kitchen task assessment
- transition planning inventory
- Contextual memory test
82
Occupational profile
Part of OT process completed during evaluation & refined throughout intervention used to gain an understanding of
- typical level of performance & participation in occupations
- client identified priorities
83
Observation
Act of watching a client perform an action or occupation-based activity
84
Interview
Structured dialogue or conversation to collect information from client, caregivers, or relevant others
85
Proxy
Person who provides information or answers to questions on behalf of client during an interview or on a questionnaire
86
Structured interview
Type of interview conducted in systemic manner with specific questions typically asked in predetermined and consistent order
87
Open-ended interview
Nonstandardized and unstructured interview that allows client to openly share information & interviewer to ask follow-up questions customized based on client’s responses
88
Standardized test
Evaluation tool administer under standard procedures & scored against specific guidelines
89
Non-standardized test
Evaluation tool that measures ability or performance not compared to a norm or standard
90
Norm-referenced test
Type of standardized test
- compares performance of client in relation to average performance of peer sample
91
Self-report test
Test for collecting data on performance/behavior directly from client, caregivers, or relevant others
Examples:
- ages & stages questionnaire
- children’s assessment of participation & enjoyment
92
Criterion-referenced test
Type of standardized test
- compares abilities of client to defined list of skills or level of performance
Examples:
- school function assessment
- gross-motor function measure
93
Ipsative assessment
Type of standardized test
- client rates own level of performance using specific test instructions
- results compared at separate intervals over time
Examples
- COPM
- pediatric volitional questionnaire
94
Anthropometric
Measurements that refer to size & proportions of the human body
95
Test-retest reliability
Consistency of a test in yielding similar results over time
- calculated by administering same test on 2 different occasions
96
Inter-rater reliability
Ability of test to yield similar results when administered to same client by 2 independent raters
97
Intrarater reliability
Ability of test to yield similar results when administered to same client by same therapist with repeated testing
98
Internal consistency
Correlation statistic calculated to ensure items on a test deliver consistent scores
99
Glascow Coma scale
Neurological screening tool used to identify level of consciousness & measure severity of traumatic brain injury
Features include:
- 15 point scale
- measures motor, verbal, eye-opening responses
100
Driving evaluation
Combination of clinical assessments, simulated performance tests, and road evaluation used to determine level of safety & independence when operating a motor vehicle
101
Job demands
Performance components of the specific physical, cognitive, and social task demands of a job
102
Work performance measurement
Part of vocational rehab process
- includes evaluation of client’s ability to perform demands of the workplace
103
Client factors
Language in OTPF used to describe characteristics that affect performance skills & performance patterns including
- body structures
- body functions
- values
- beliefs
- spirituality
104
Volition
Intrinsic motivation to perform or participate in an activity
105
Judgement
Neurobehavioral ability to make safe/effective decisions based on relevant information & feedback
106
motivation
Intrinsic desire to participate in an activity or continue to perform an activity
107
Affordances
Visual cue learned through exploratory actions
- used to enhance understanding of an object’s intended function
- may be impaired in children with ASD
108
Exercise intolerance
Energy expenditure beyond current capacity
Symptoms
- chest pain
- excessive fatigue
- SOB and/or dizziness
109
Social demands
Challenges/pressures present in an interactive context that may influence task performance
110
Caregiver adaptation
Process of modifying perceptions, actions, & skills by the person providing care based on needs of recipient of care
111
Restrictive repetitive acts
Diagnostic feature of ASD that involves repetitive movements/actions
Examples
- flapping arms
- rocking
- spinning
- banging head
112
Ideation
Cognitive ability to generate new concepts or ideas about an object or situation
113
Suicidal ideation
Thought process associated with act of suicide, often associated with depression, anxiety, & mood disorders
Signs/symptoms
- feelings of helplessness & isolation
- low self-esteem & psychological distress
114
Altered mental status
General term that refers to decrease in cognitive function, feelings of confusion, change in behavior &/or agitation
- may indicate a transient or acute condition (such as delirium or stupor) or chronic condition (dementia)
115
Arousal
Physiological state in which individual is responsive to sensory stimuli
- requisite for being alert & attentive
116
Sustained attention
Type of attention
- focusing on a task over time without being distracted
117
Divided attention
Type of attention
- shifting focus between 2+ tasks at the same time
118
Selective attention
Type of attention
- focusing on a particular stimuli while simultaneously filtering out distractions
119
Emotional dysregulation
Emotional action/behavior not within typically expected range of emotional responses for a particular social situation
120
Activity tolerance
Duration of time a client can physically & mentally perform an activity before needing a rest break
121
Functional performance
Ability to carry out daily living tasks
122
Social skills
Skills associated with developing relationships with others
- interacting/expressing emotion
- verbal/nonverbal communication
- eye-contact
- reciprocity
- empathy
123
Self-awareness
Ability to identify & perceive personal strengths & weaknesses that may influence
- motivation to change
- metacognition
- recognition of performance errors
- desire to modify performance
124
Psychotropic medications
Medications to treat psychiatric conditions
- act on neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions
- intended to influence behavior change
125
Antipsychotic medications
Meds used to treat psychotic symptoms
- mania
- agitation
- hallucinations & delusions
126
Antidepressant medications
Meds to treat depression, anxiety, aggression, agitation, disturbed sleep patterns, & low mood
127
Mood stabilizing medications
Meds in treatment of bipolar disorder to treat symptoms of mania & depression
128
Anticonvulsant medications
Meds in treatment of seizure disorders
129
Performance skills
Language in OTPF that defines client’s ability to complete components of an activity
- characterized as motor, process, & social interaction skills
130
Motor coordination
Function of cerebellum that includes ability for diff muscle groups to work smoothly together to allow for desired rate & rhythm of movement
131
Performance patterns
Language in OTPF that describes frequency & level of participation in occupations including
- habits
- routines
- roles
- rituals
132
Physical environment
Context(s) that support or hinder occupational performance & participation includes
- built surroundings (e.g. home, workplace, cement walkway)
- natural surroundings (e.g. hills, plants, trees)
133
Personal context
Conditions within the individual that uniquely influence occupational performance including
- stable factors (e.g. age, long standing belief structure)
- dynamic factors (e.g. pain, mood, fatigue)
134
Social context
Elements within & surrounding a client that influence interpersonal & individual behaviors during occupational performance
135
Cultural context
Beliefs, customs, values that are shared by individuals within a group or community
- influence activity choice
136
Multicontextual approach
Expectation that task modifications/cognitive strategies should be applicable & be practiced in multiple contexts where client has performance demands
Based on Dynamic Interactional Model of Cognition
137
Activity analysis
Process of identifying task demands & abilities required to perform the task &/or the environmental factors affecting performance
138
Activity analysis: activity configuration
Component of activity analysis in which all parts of an activity are considered by the practitioner
139
Activity analysis: activity synthesis
Component of activity analysis in which intervention activities are matched, modified, & graded to support progress towards client’s goals
140
Pre-driving tasks
Tasks completed prior to operating a motor vehicle
- getting to the vehicle
- transferring into the vehicle
- manipulating the key for functional use
- opening/closing car door
- loading/unloading mobility devices
- adjusting seat/controls
- securing seat belt
