Random Questions #1 Flashcards by Kate Ovington

What is the most common cause of sudden death?

Ventricular fibrillation

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Color blindness is transmitted thorugh what genetic pattern?

Dominant X-linked

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A prostate biopsy consists of how many samples?

6 to 12

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What is the definitive treatment for a patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

Implanted defibrillator

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How does ezetimibe work?

Decreases intestinal absorption of cholesterol

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What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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A patient on sulfasalazine for an inflammatory bowel disease should be supplemented with what vitamin?

Folate

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A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of what diagnosis?

Scarlet fever

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Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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In a patient with aortic stenosis, will the PMI be medially displaced, normal, or laterally displaced?

Laterally displaced due to left ventricular hypertrophy

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List two causes of right atrial enlargement

Pulmonary HTN, severe lung disease, pulmonary valve stenosis

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Acute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

Staph aureus

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Describe erythema marginatum

Pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs

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A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rah that began on his wrists and ankles. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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Clicking or locking of the knee indicates what diagnosis?

Meniscal tear

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Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis?

Huntington’s

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In order to contract hepatits D, what must you already have?

Hepatits B

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How long does a panic attack typically last?

10-20 minutes

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What is the most common precipitating event for post-traumatic stress disorder in women?

Rape

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What is the best patient position to hear aortic regurge and aortic stenosis?

Sitting up and leaning forward

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An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

Cryptococcosis

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At what point during pregnancy is RhoGAM given if it is needed?

28 weeks

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A 35 year old patient comes to your office because his wife made him. He has been increasingly irritable and moody. She also noticed that he is very restless. You order a CT scan which shows cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate nucleus. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Huntingdon’s disease

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What is the accessory pathway associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

The bundle of Kent

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Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

What does koilonychia refer to?

Spoon-shaped nails which may be found in microcytic anemia

What is the therapeutic range for INR following an organic valve replacement?

2 to 3

A 35 year old female presents with heat intolerance, weight loss, and palpitations. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Hyperthyroidism

What side effect might make a patient stop taking an ACEi?

Cough

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

Sweat chloride test

Name two fibric acid derivatives?

Fenofibrate and gemfibrozil

Is sickle cell microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic?

Microcytic

A patient's wife complains that he is hypervigilant and has a hyperstartle response. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A boot-shaped heart on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

Tetralogy of Fallot

What molecule binds iron in the bloodstream?

Transferrin

What is the first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

Methotrexate

Gestational diabetes puts mom and baby at increased risk for what three things?

Preeclampsia, macrosomia (traumatic birth), slowing in fetal lung development

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A Gram+ rod, Clostridium tetani

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.

A physical exam revealing a retroverted uterus or uterosacral ligament nodularity should make you think of what diagnosis?

Endometriosis

There is a sunburst appearance on x-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Osteosarcoma

How much more potent is T3 than T4?

3-4x

What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?

Refer and position patient with head down

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

Polymyositis

Is pseudomonas gram (+) or gram (-)?

Gram (-)

A CXR finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

Coarctation of the aorta

A patient's lab work shows positive Smith antibody and positive double-stranded DNA antibodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Lupus

What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?

Carotid atherosclerotic disease

What is the most common cause of c-spine fractures?

Motor vehicle accidents

Which herpes virus causes Epstein-Barr?

Herpes 4

What is the term for eyelids that turn in?

Entropion

What is the term for eyelids that turn in?

Entropion

If you see the term chocolate cyst, it should make you think of what diagnosis?

Endometrioma

What fracture is the #1 cause of compartment syndrome?

Tibial shaft fracture

Define full term.

Delivery at 37-42 weeks

Nasal polyps should make you think of what diagnosis?

Cystic fibrosis

List four disease states in which you may find basophilic stippling.

Lead poisoning, beta or alpha thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, arsenic poisoning

Is neisseria gram(+) or gram (-)?

Gram (-)

Coin-shaped plaques should make you think of what diagnosis?

Nummular eczema

Define metrorrhagia.

Bleeding between menstrual cycles

A patient without a functioning spleen is more susceptible to what type of organisms?

Encapsulated organisms most commonly Strep pneumoniae and H. flu

A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?

This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygiene and moves on to topical antibiotics if necessary.

What is the first line medication you should give for atrial flutter?

Adenosine

Describe Grey-Turner's sign.

Flank ecchymosis often related to pancreatitis

What is the only curative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma?

Surgical resection

What is the only curative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma?

Surgical resection

What medication class is used to lower triglycerides?

Fibric acid derivatives

Why can't you give fluoroquinolones to kids?

They can develop cartilage development problems

A patient a tremor with motion in his hands. What medication might you prescribe?

The patient has an active tumor therefore a beta blocker like propranolol is a good start

A patient a tremor with motion in his hands. What medication might you prescribe?

The patient has an active tumor therefore a beta blocker like propranolol is a good start

A patient presents to your office complaining of a tremor in his right hand. He states after a beer it goes away completely. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Benign essential tremor or familial tremor

Name one drug that can increase creatinine level in labs

Trimethopim-sulfamethoxazole, cimetidine (H2 blocker), famotidine, ranitidine, cefoxitin

What is the most common fracture in a patient with osteoporosis?

A compression fracture of a vertebral body followed by hip fractures

What are three ways you can check for ruptured membranes?

Ferning pattern on a slide, visualize leakage from the cervix, pooling in the vagina

What lab result will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity?

Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia

What lab result will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity?

Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia

Subacute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

Strep Viridans

A patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Cottage cheese discharge should make you think of what diagnosis?

Vaginal candidiasis

An 82 year old patient complains of headaches and jaw claudication. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

Silicosis and coal workers lung

What cranial nerve is affected with Bell's palsy?

CN VII

A middle age make presents with unilateral periorbital headaches occurring daily for several weeks. These headaches are extremely painful. Which type of headache is the most likely cause?

Cluster headache

A Gram-positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

Staph

What is tonometry used for?

Determining intraocular pressure

What two main causes should you be thinking of in a macrocytic anemia?

Malnutrition and severe blood loss

A patient presents with sudden painless complete unilateral vision loss. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

What is Graves' disease?

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease

What is the treatment for Shigella?

Bactrim or fluoroquinolones and hydration

You hear a continuous machine-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

At what age should a child begin to feed himself?

6 months

At what BMI should a patient be hospitalized for anorexia?

BMI of

A patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Corneal abrasion (patients scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia)

What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?

Small cell and squamous cell

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?

Small cell and squamous cell

What is the best imaging to rule out testicular torsion?

Doppler U/S for decreased blood flow to the testes

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

Amebiasis

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

This is most likely candida, Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1mg are the first lien choices.

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

This is most likely candida, Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1mg are the first lien choices.

Define prehypertension

SBP 120-139 | DBP 80-89

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis?

12 weeks

An abdominal exam with pain out of proportion to the exam should make you think of what diagnosis?

Intestinal ischemia

A 30 year old African American woman presents with dysphagia. You notice she also has thickened skin. A barium swallow demonstrates the absence of peristalsis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Scleroderma

List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.

COPD, asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax

How long must symptoms occur before diagnosing schizophrenia?

At least six months