random shite

Question 1

what are the 2 types of nucleic acid

Answer 1

ribose
deoxyribose

Question 2

what are the 2 groups of bases

Answer 2

purine
pyrimidine

Question 3

what type of base has a double ring structure

Answer 3

purine

Question 4

what type of base has a single ring structure

Answer 4

pyramidine

Question 5

what are the 3 units that make up a nucleic acid

Answer 5

pentose sugar
phosphate group
organic base

Question 6

what is a polynucleotide

Answer 6

many nucleotide units

Question 7

what bonds maintain DNA’s shape

Answer 7

hydrogen

Question 8

what shape is DNA

Answer 8

helical

Question 9

2 man functions of DNA

Answer 9

code for protein
replication (contains genetic code)

Question 10

a dna double helix is made up from how many polynucletoides

Answer 10

2

Question 11

what do nucleotides bond together to form

Answer 11

nucleic acid

Question 12

how many H bonds are between adenine and thymine

Answer 12

2

Question 13

how many H bonds are between cytosine and guanine

Answer 13

3

Question 14

how many polynucleotides is DNA made up from?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

how many polynucleotides is rNA made up from?

Answer 15

1

Question 16

where is DNA formed

Answer 16

nucleus only

Question 17

where is RNA found

Answer 17

ribosomes / cytoplasm

Question 18

what can protein synthesis from DNA be shortened to?

Answer 18

dna = transcription in nucleus

Question 19

what can protein synthesis from mRNA be shortened to?

Answer 19

translation at ribosome - polypeptide

Question 20

summary of protein synthesis

Answer 20

DNA
transcription in nucleus
mRNA
translation at ribosome
polypeptide

Question 21

what are chemoautorophic organisms

Answer 21

uses chemical energy to make more complex organic molecules

Question 22

what are phototrophic organisms

Answer 22

uses light energy to make complex organic molecules

Question 23

what are nucleotides made of

Answer 23

3 components (phosphate group, pentose sugar, organic base)
condensation reaction

Question 24

what are autotrophic organisms

Answer 24

convert other forms of energy into chemical energy

Question 25

what are the 2 types of autotrophic

Answer 25

chemoautrophic photoautotrophic

Question 26

defenition of chemoautrophic organisms

Answer 26

organism that uses chemical energy to make complex organic molecules eg some bacteria

Question 27

defenition of photoautrophic organisms

Answer 27

organism that uses light energy to make complex organic molecules eg green plants

Question 28

what are hetroptrophic organisms

Answer 28

eg animals dereive their chemical energy from food

Question 29

what is ATP made of

Answer 29

base - adenine ribose sugar three phosphate groups

Question 30

by what reaction is atp broken down

Answer 30

hydrolysis

Question 31

what breaks down atp

Answer 31

atpase enzyme

Question 32

what bond is hydrolysised to change atp to adp

Answer 32

between 2nd and 3rd

Question 33

what is atp broken down to

Answer 33

adp and inorganic phosphate ion

Question 34

what is a exergonic reaction

Answer 34

releases energy

Question 35

what is an endergonic reaction

Answer 35

requires energy imput

Question 36

how would you turn adp to atp

Answer 36

condensation

Question 37

what is phosphorylation

Answer 37

addition of a phosphate group

Question 38

why cant we use glucose for energy

Answer 38

uncontrolled release of enery wuld produce a temperature increase that would destroy cells release energy gradually through small steps called respiration

Question 39

tip to remember pyrimidine bases

Answer 39

cYtosine thYmine (uracil)

Question 40

what are the roles of ATP (5)

Answer 40

metabolic processes active transport movement nerve transmission secretion

Question 41

significance of ATP in secretion

Answer 41

packaging and transport of seceratory products into vesicles in cells

Question 42

significance of ATP in movement

Answer 42

eg muscle contraction

Question 43

significance of ATP in nerve transimtion

Answer 43

sodium - potasium pumps activeley transpoty S and Potass ions across the axon membrane

Question 44

significance of ATP in active transport

Answer 44

allow ions to move against conc gradient

Question 45

significance of ATP in metabolic processes

Answer 45

build large complex molecules from smaller simpler molecules

Question 46

what happens when a phosphate gorup transfers from ATP to another molecule

Answer 46

make recepient mol more reactive

Question 47

defeinition of gene

Answer 47

section of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a specific polypeptide

Question 48

how to find number of amino acids from the bases

Answer 48

bases divided by 3 = amino acids