randoms part 2

Question 1

in cirrhosis the use of furosemide can lead to

Answer 1

hypokalemia
prerenal kindney injury from volume contraction
metabolic alkalosis (loss of H+)

Question 2

non alcoholic fatty liver disease

Answer 2

typical pt DM–> insulin resistence –> increased peripheral lipolysis, increased TG synthesis and liver uptake of fatty acids

Question 3

Ascites

Answer 3

> 1.1 SAAG

• cardiac or cirrhosis –> ascites
• portal HTN –> increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 4

breastfeeding decreases risks of?

Answer 4

otitis media, resp, gI, UTI infections and nec

-reduces risk of ovarian and breast cancer

Question 5

DIC is seen in metastatic malignancies

Answer 5

like breast!

-look for decreased platelets, fibrinogen and increased INR and signs of MAHA like increased LDH, retics and bili

Question 6

define oliguria

Answer 6

less than 400cc per day or 6 cc/hour

Question 7

non seminous germ cell tumors, markers?

Answer 7

AFP and BHCG

Question 8

seminatous markers?

Answer 8

bHCG

Question 9

anterior mediastinal mass?

Answer 9

thymoma, teratoma, thyroid, terrible lymphoma

Question 10

RQ protein, carbs, fat

Answer 10

protein 0.8
carbs 1.0
fat 0.7

Question 11

middle mediastinal mass

Answer 11

broncogenic cyst, lymphoma

Question 12

blunt abdominal trauma forming a duodenal hematoma

Answer 12

NG tube, most resolve on their own

Question 13

acute mediastinitus

Answer 13

s/p cardiac surgery

-drainage, surgical debridement

Question 14

axillary nerve damage

Answer 14

anterior shoulder dislocation

• deltoid, teres minor
• sensation over the lateral upper arm

Question 15

radial nerve damage

Answer 15

crutches
humeral midshaft fracture

• triceps, brachioradialis, supnator, “best extenors”
• wrist drop

Question 16

musculocutaneous what muscles

Answer 16

bicpes, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 17

niacin is made of what?

Answer 17

tryptophan and serotonin

so you get a devifiency in carcinoid

Question 18

pericadial tamponade on the EKG?

Answer 18

may show electrical alternans

Question 19

ankle brachial index

Answer 19

nl 1- 1.3
PAD 0.4 - 0.9
Severe ischemia

Question 20

progressive dysphagia of both solids and liquids at the same time

Answer 20

achalasia

Question 21

dysohagia for solids first then liquids

Answer 21

esophageal cancer

Question 22

gastrics ulcer and food

Answer 22

worse

Question 23

duodenal ulcer and food

Answer 23

better

Question 24

treat h pylori with?

Answer 24

ppi, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, amoxicillin can be traded for metronidazole if the patient is allergic

Question 25

all variceal bleeding with ascites needs ppx for SBP

Answer 25

norfloxacin and TMP/SMX

Question 26

hematochromatosis

Answer 26

``` fatigue, joint pain (pseudogout) erectile dysfunction and ammenorhea in women (pituitary) skin darkening bronze diabetes cardiomyopathy - dilated and restrictive ```

Question 27

polyarteritis nodosa is associated with

Answer 27

hep b and c

Question 28

wilsons

Answer 28

copper - neurologic symptoms: psychosis, tremor, dysarthria, ataxia, seizures - coombs negative hemolytic anemia - renal tubular acidosis

Question 29

autoimmune hepatitis antivodies

Answer 29

anti-smooth

Question 30

fanconi anemia

Answer 30

- x linked - defect in gene repair --> chromosomal breaks - aplastic anemia (pancytopenia) - short stature, microcephaly, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism, hypopigmented andhyper pigmented areas

Question 31

diamond black fan

Answer 31

- AD - macrocytic anemia m red blood cells only - low retic - assoc with short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, shielded chest and triphalangeal thumbs

Question 32

wiskott-aldrich

Answer 32

- x linked | - thrombocytopenia, eczema and bacterial infections

Question 33

chediak higashi

Answer 33

- decrease in granulation, chemotaxis and granuloparesis | - frequent bacteria infections, partial albinism

Question 34

beckwith-wiedemann syndrome

Answer 34

- omphalocele or umbilical hernia - macroglossia - hemiphyperplasia - assoc. with wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma - check AFP and ab/renal US

Question 35

laryngomalacia

Answer 35

insipiratory stridor worse in the supine position increased laxity of the supraglottic structures management is reassurance

Question 36

respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Answer 36

risk factors: prematurity, male, perinatal asphyxia, c/s without labor -DM --> hyperglycemia --> increased fetal insulin, insulin antagonizes cortison and block the maturation of sphinomyelin needed for surfractant in the lungs

Question 37

homocytinuria

Answer 37

AR - intellectual disability - decreased lens dislocation - thrombosis - fair hair and eyes

Question 38

neiman pick vs tay sach

Answer 38

both have loss of motor function, hypotonia, difficult feeding, cherry red macula , AR but! Neiman has hepatosplenomegaly and areflexia, sphingomyelinas deficieny tay sachs has hyperreflexia no enlarged spleen or liver and is a b-hexosamindidase deficiency

Question 39

gaucher

Answer 39

glucocerebrosidase deficiney | -anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatospelnomagaly, cherry red macula, no loss of mile stones

Question 40

von gierke a tyle 1 glycogen storage disease

Answer 40

- g-6-phosphatase deficiency - hypoglycemia leads to SZ - lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia - doll like face, thin extremities, short, protruberant abdomen

Question 41

pompe tyle 2 gylcogen storage disease

Answer 41

- acid malatase | - floppy baby, feeding difficulties, macroglossia, heart failure, hypertrophic heart, hepatomegaly

Question 42

refeeding syndrome -- carbs --> insulin

Answer 42

insulin causes reuptake of already low Po4, K and Mg

Question 43

lead poisoning

Answer 43

always get a venous level, dont treat if less than 45

Question 44

vascular ring

Answer 44

- before age 1 - persistent strido that improves with neck distension - assoc. with cardiac abnormalities - confirm with barium contrast esophogram, bronchosopor or CT MRI with angio

Question 45

acquired torticolllis

Answer 45

usually trauma but serious causes include retropharyngreal abscess and atlanto subluxation -get an xray!

Question 46

apgar score

Answer 46

appearence, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

Question 47

How to keep the PDA open

Answer 47

prostaglandins

Question 48

how to close a PDA

Answer 48

indomethacin

Question 49

vitamin B2 riboflavin deficiency

Answer 49

angular chelosis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis