RAPID REVIEW- Key Associations Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (↑ intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn Disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
3º syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and eldery)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/ E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernanrd Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentioral: metastasis> astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac 1º tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman- Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, 1º myxoma (4: 1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsilar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhytmia
Atrial fibrilation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of Vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: eldery man or woman)
29
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome
```
Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
```
35
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, trucus arteriosus
36
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
Death in CML
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
41
DIC
Severe sepsis, obtetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
42
Dietary deficit
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnose by barium swallow)
44
Ejection click
Aortic/ pulmonic stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
49
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
50
Hear valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
51
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris Lumbricoides
52
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma-subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
57
Hereditary Harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA- B27
Ankylosing spondylitis , reactive arthritis, Ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
59
HLA-DR3 or DR-4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
60
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
61
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
62
Hypertension, 2º
Renal disease
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
Infection 2º to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
67
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
68
Kidney stones
Calcium= radiopaque
Struvite (amonium)= radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid= radiolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/ polycythemia)
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
73
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
76
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
77
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
78
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
79
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
80
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor nueron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
81
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
82
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
83
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
84
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia
85
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa
86
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
90
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
91
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
92
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet cells)
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis
97
Patient with ALL/ CLL /AML/ CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult> 60, AML: adult -65, CML: adult 30-60
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t (9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
101
1º amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
102
1º bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
1º hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
1º hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
1º liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
106
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/ medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
109
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
110
S3 (prodiastolic gallop)
↑ ventricular filling (left-to- right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
111
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/ hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
2º hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
114
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
Site of diverticula
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery> popliteal artery > carotid artery
116
Stomach cancer
Zollinger Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
117
t (14; 18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
118
t (8: 14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
119
t (9: 22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
120
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
121
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
122
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
123
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
124
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
125
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
126
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
127
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
128
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
129
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
130
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
131
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (pregnant women are at higher risk; body stores only 3- to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
