Rapid Review > Rapid Review - Key Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Key Associations Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer ( increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural infammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine defciency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns)

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

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14
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb defciency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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19
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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20
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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21
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

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22
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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23
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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24
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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25
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
26
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
27
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
28
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world) | Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
29
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
30
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
31
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy) Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
32
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
33
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
34
Death in CML
Blast crisis
35
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
36
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
37
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
38
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
39
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
40
Gynecologic malignancy
``` Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.) Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide) ```
41
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > Aortic (rheumatic fever) | Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
42
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
43
Hematoma—epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
44
Hematoma—subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
45
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions | Hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
46
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
47
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
48
HLA-DR3
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
49
HLA-DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis
50
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
51
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)
52
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
53
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)
54
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S. saprophyticus) Uric acid = radiolucent
55
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
56
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
57
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
58
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
59
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
60
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
61
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
62
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
63
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
64
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
65
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus (most common overall)
66
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
67
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus
68
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
69
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
70
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
71
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
72
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL: child CLL: adult > 60 AML: adult ∼ 65 CML: adult 45–85
73
Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae
74
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
75
1° bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
76
1° hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
77
1° liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin de ciency, Wilson disease)
78
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
79
Renal tumor
``` Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH) ```
80
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular Filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
81
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
82
2° hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
83
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
84
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
85
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
86
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
87
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas | BCL-2 activation - anti-apoptotic oncogene
88
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma | C-myc fusion - transcription factor oncogene
89
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML | BCR-ABL activation - tyrosine kinase oncogene
90
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
91
Testicular tumor
Testicular tumor Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
92
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
93
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
94
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
95
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
96
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
97
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
98
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1

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