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1. Avian & Exotics > Rats > Flashcards

Rats Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Taxonomy

A

Order: rodentia
Genus: rattus
Species: R. norvegicus and R. rattus

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2
Q

Lifespan

A

2.5-4 years

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3
Q

Heart rate

A

300-500 beats/ minute

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4
Q

Domestication of the brown rat

A

1800s in Europe and America
Rat baiting (Which dog killed the largest #)

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5
Q

Why are rats the second most used in research?

A

Short gestation and lifespan
Docile behavior
Ready availability

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6
Q

Common rat strains

A

Sprague-Dawley (most common)
Wistar (most common)
Long Evans

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7
Q

Sprague-Dawley

A

Hybrid albino with long narrow heads
High repro rate and low incidence of spontaneous tumor
Calm temperament and easy handling

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8
Q

Wistar rat

A

Hybid albino strain
First rat strain developed to be a odel

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9
Q

Long Evans

A

Outbred rats with good repro performance, not docile

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10
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Hyposondontic incisors (continue to grow)
Diatema (gap between incisors and molars)

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11
Q

Harderian Gland

A

Horseshoe-shaped
Pink to gray
Porphyrin secretion- “red tears” (chromodacyorrhea)

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12
Q

Where can porphyrin be found?

A

Eyes and nares
Sick/ stressed on forelimbs and back from grooming

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13
Q

Zymbal’s gland

A

Modified sebaceous gland at the base of the ear
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma can develop with gland

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14
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid: serous
Submandibular: mixed
Sublingual: mucous @ rostral pole of the submandibular gland

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15
Q

Esophagus

A

Epithelium is heavily keratinized –> beneficial due to ease of gavaging

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16
Q

Brown fat (hibernation gland)

A

In scapular region, neck, axilla, along urethra and peritoneum
Nonshivering thermogenesis
Granular cytoplasm

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17
Q

Kidney

A

Unpapillate kidney makes cannulation easier

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18
Q

Females reproductive system

A

Bicornuate duplex uterus –> 2 distinct uterine horns –> merge forming uterine body –> 2 distinct ossa uteri
2 cervices
Hemochorial placentation

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19
Q

Mammary glands

A

6 pairs (3 pectoral, 3 abdominal)

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20
Q

Males reproductive system

Study These Flashcards
A

Os penis
Seminal vescicles, bulbourethral glands, prostate, coagulating, preputial
Inguinal canal remains open

21
Q

Repro physiology

Study These Flashcards
A

Puberty: 60-90 days
Gestation: 21-23 days
Polyestrus with estrus cycle of 4-5 days

22
Q

Vaginal plug

Study These Flashcards
A

coagulum composed of seminiferous fluid
Presence= mating
Vaginal lavage and microscopic exam

23
Q

Pup development

Study These Flashcards
A

Born hairless and blind with closed ear canals (altrical)
Eyes open @ 4-17 days and fully haired @ 7-10 days
Can’t urinate without materal stimulation –> obstructive urinary tract disease

24
Q

Pups dental

Study These Flashcards
A

Incisors: 6-8 days
Molar: 16-34 days

25
When are pups weaned?
@ 20-21 days (early as 17 days)
26
Behavior
Most active @ night Coprophagic (eating feces) Sprague and lewis rats more docile, brown norway and F344 aren't docile
27
Blood collection
Saphenous vein, ventral tail artery and dorsal and lateral tail veins
28
Compound administrations
Oral Intragastric SubQ IM Intraperitoneal IV Osmotic minipump
29
Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma pulmonis Murine resp. mycoplasmosis (MRM) aka Chronic Respiratory disease (CRD)
30
Clinical signs of mycoplasmosis
Chromodacryorrhea Rales, dyspnea, chattering Rubbing of eyes and head tilt Usually observed in older animals, silent in young
31
Mycoplasmosis diagnosis
Cultural Isolation (upper resp. and middle ears) Gross exam and histopath
31
Treatment and prevention of mycoplasmosis
Not treated in research, pets with Baytril Surveillance via ELISA
32
Streptobacillosis
Streptobacillus moniliformes Transmitted via bites, close contact and ingestion of rat feces
33
Clinical signs of streptobacillosis
Nonpathogenic in rat Zoonotic with 3-10 days incubation--> maculopapular and pustular rash, fever, headache and polyartritis
34
Streptobacillosis diagnosis
Gram-neg pleomorphic bacillus that grow nonhemolytically on sheep blood agar
35
Treatment, prevention and management of streptobacillosis
Antibiotics (humans) Colonies monitored by blood culture and nasopharyngeal swabs Colony terminated when found
35
Hantavirus
2 lineages Transmitted by aerosol and contact
36
Hemorrhagic Fever and Renal syndrome (HFRS)
Rattus norvegicus is natural host for Seoul Hantavirus Fever, thrombocytopenia, capillary leakage, myalgia, headache, petechiae, retroperitoneal and renal hemorrhage
36
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Fever and capillary leakage in lungs Death from shock and cardiac complications
37
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hantavirus
Serology Zoonotic- if detected colony culled Contact with rodents and urine
38
Ectoparasites
Lice, fleas and mites
39
Endoparasites
Crytosporidosis Trypanosoma lewisi Giardia muris, Spironucleus muris Pinworms Trichosomoides crassicauda Tapeworms
40
Diagnosis of chronic progressive nephropathy
CBC Chemistry profile- azotemia (increased BUN and creatinine), Hypercholesterolemia and hyperproteinemia Urinalysis (proteinuria)
41
Chronic progressive nephropathy
Progressive glomerulosclerosis Old rat neophropathy Most important age relating disease of rat kidneys, most common causes of death in rats Signs: weightloss
41
Contributing factors of Chronic progressive nephropathy
Age (>12 months) Sex (males) Strain (higher in Sprague and F344) Diet (high protein) Immunological (mesangial deposition of IgM) Endocrine (Increased serum prolactin levels)
42
Managment and prevntion
20-30% reduction in calories
43
Malocclusion
Overgrown teeth only seen in research and pet rats Signs: drooling, anorexia and wounds in mouth Trim and give chew toys
43
Mammary Fibroadenoma
Extensive distribution of mammary tissue Tumors 8-10 cm in diameter Treat with mastectomy and most are benign
44
Gross pathology of zymbal's gland tumor
Circumscribed mass Ulceration common Sheets of epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and leukocytic infiltration

1. Avian & Exotics (14 decks)

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