Swine

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Order: Artiodactyl
Genus: suis
Species: scrofa
38 chromosomes

Question 2

Lifespan

Answer 2

15-25 years

Question 3

Estrous and gestation

Answer 3

E: 18-24 days
G: 110-116

Question 4

What are newborns given?

Answer 4

100-200 mg Fe dextram within 48 hrs of birth to prevent anemia

Question 5

Nutrition

Answer 5

Omnivores
Vitamin E and Selenium
Water

Question 6

Pre-surgical fasting

Answer 6

8-12 hr- stomach and small intestine
48-72 hr- colon

Question 7

Domestic breeds

Answer 7

American Landrace
Yorkshire
Duroc (chester white, hampshire, berkshire, poland china, spotted swine)

Question 8

Miniature breeds

Answer 8

Yucatan
Hanford
Gottingen
Sinclair S-1 (Hormel)

Question 9

Where should swine be sourced?

Answer 9

Purchased from vendor herds brucellosis-free and qualified pseudoraies- negative by the USDA
Vx against erysipelas, lepto, porcine parvo, Bordetella bronchiseptica, P. multocida, E. coli

Question 10

Why pigs?

Answer 10

Close to human size (miniature pigs)
Similar digestive tract, cardio system, physiology and disease progression (metabolic, infectious diseases)
Long lifespan

Question 11

Salt poisoning

Answer 11

Excessive salt (NaCl) → salt toxicity, hypernatremia, water deprivation- sodium ion intoxication
Acute oral lethal dose= 2.2 g/kg

Question 12

Most common predisposing factor of salt poisoning is _________

Answer 12

Water deprivation

Question 13

Early signs of salt poisoning

Answer 13

↑ thirst, pruritus, constipation
Seizures, jerking head, opisthotonos
Comma then die within 2 days

Question 14

Vitamin E deficiency causes

Answer 14

Feeds with high polyunsaturated fatty acids, copper, vit. A or mycotoxins
Grains from soil deficient in selenium and SE antagonists

Question 15

Prevention and treatment of vitamin E and selenium

Answer 15

Injection of Vit. E or selenium
Prevention by supplements

Question 16

Foot rot (bush foot)

Answer 16

Infection of the claw → swollen and painful around coronary band
Progression → enlarged hoof and inflammation
Adverse effects on reproduction

Question 17

What does foot rot come from?

Answer 17

Fusiformis bacteria enters the body through sole of foot, split hoof, and cracks

Question 18

Foot rot treatment

Answer 18

Footbaths/ soaks: zinc or copper sulfate
Oral therapy: zinc sulfate (21 days)
Penicillin and streptomycin combos

Question 19

Porcine stress syndrome

Answer 19

Mutation in calcium-release channel protein in skeletal m. and sarco reticulum
Stressful induce excessive B-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Question 20

Porcine Stress Syndrome breeds

Answer 20

Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Petrain, Poland China
Autosomal recessive

Question 21

CS of Porcine stress syndrome

Answer 21

Dyspnea, blanched and reddened skin, ↑ body temperature , cyanosis
Then muscle rigidity and cardio. collapse

Question 22

Treatment and prevention for Porcine stress syndrome

Answer 22

Dantrolene

Question 23

Litters

Answer 23

Multiple per year with reproductive life of 7-8 years

Question 24

Cardiovascular research

Answer 24

Atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Congential heart disease
Grafts, stents, interventional devices, CPR

Question 25

GI research

Answer 25

Obesity Hepatic metabolism Probiotics and gut phys

Question 26

Renal research

Answer 26

Hypertension Transplant and preservation

Question 27

Reproductive research

Answer 27

Maternal-fetal interactions Fetal surgery and microsurgical techniques OB/GYN surgical procedures

Question 28

Diabetes research

Answer 28

Segmental pancreatic transplants Pancreatectomy models

Question 29

Surgical research

Answer 29

Musculoskeletal: bone grafts and implants, temporomandibular joint studies Integument: plastic surgery , wound healing and skin flaps and grafts

Question 30

Other important research

Answer 30

Cell and organ transplant Stroke AIDS dimentia Melanoma Osteoporosis Adult respiratory distress syndrone

Question 31

Sinclair S-1 (hormel)- malignant melanoma

Answer 31

85% incidence @ 1 Single or multiple skin area tumors Spontaneous regression (cytotoxic effects, T cells)

Question 32

Concerns of swine for xenotransplantation

Answer 32

Acquired zoonoses Normal flora and environmental contaminants Viral latency, endogenous retroviruses

Question 33

How are swine used in xenotransplantation

Answer 33

Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERVs) Hyperacute rejection (HAR) in endothelium Tolerogenicity: liver > kidney > heart> lung > skin

Question 34

Research uses in integumentary

Answer 34

Transdermal absorption Phototoxicity Chemical Vesication (blisters) Contact allergy dermatitis

Question 35

Research uses in interventional radiology

Answer 35

Patent ductus arteriosus Atrial septal defect Occlusion Angioplasty Coronary artery catheterization Catheter oblation techniques Stent placement