RC Prep Flashcards by Benjamin Widder

ACE

ACE=(NIa-NIs)-10B(Fa-Fs)-Ime

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How often is ACE calculated

Every 6 seconds

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Time error correction

+/-0.02 Hz for time error correction, offsets ACE by .20 or 20% (NIAs)

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CPS1- Control Performance Standard

Calculated and evaluated monthly, CPS1 >/=100%

Rolling 12 month average <100% is non compliant

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BAAL- BA Ace Limit

Cannot exceed for 30 minutes
BAAL High >scheduled frequency
BAAL Low < scheduled frequency

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MSSC

Most severe single contingency, reviewed annually

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Reportable DCS

Disturbance control standard
Less than MSSC or > 80% of MSSC
Within one minute of sudden decline of ACE–>More than 1 event occurring within that one minute equates to 1 event

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Contingency event recovery period

Time frame from resource output to decline within the first one minute interval of a reportable BA contingency event and extending for 15 minutes thereafter

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Exemptions to reporting DCS

RC declared EEA
Multiple contingency events and magnitude exceeds MSSC
Multiple balancing contingency events within the sum of the time periods defined by the cont. event recovery period and the contingency event restoration period whose combined magnitude exceeds the MSSC

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Contingency reserve restoration period

Restore contingency reserve within 90 minutes of the end of the contingency event recovery period

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DCS Requirement

Must achieve 100% ACE Recovery- NERC CR Form 1

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Frequency and load relationship (thumbrule)

1% decrease in frequency results in 2% decrease in load (3% for inductive motors)

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Governor dead band

+/- 0.036 Hz–>Will not see change in NIa in ACE equation if no governor response occurs from a change in frequency

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Frequency Response Measure (FRM)

Median of all frequency response observed for frequency deviation events identified by NERC for previous year
FRM must be = or more (-) than its FRO

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Frequency Response Obligation (FRO)

FRM must be = or more (-) than its FRO
Calculated each year
BA’s percentage of the interchange and load

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FRSG- Frequency Response Sharing Group

Jointly meet FROs- must modify frequency bias to represent frequency bias setting for the combined area–>Either sum area or single FB setting for the combined area

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BAAL-005 action if ACE cannot be calculated

ACE Requirements

> 30 minutes, BA inform RC within 45 minutes starting at the initial time ACE was not able to be calculated

Manually calculate at this time
Must be available 99.5% of year (45 hours)

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Frequency metering equipment requirements

Accurate to 0.001 Hz and available 99.95% of year (4.5 hours)

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Dynamic transfers

Dynamic schedules- reflected in NIs
Pseudo tie- used as virtual AGC in ACE equation- reflected in NIa

Developed as way to account for the generation and load in the appropriate BA’s ACE equation

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AGC (Automatic Generator Control)

Partially replaces lost generation–>Contingency reserves return ACE to 0
Hydro can respond quick (2-5 minutes on AGC)

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AGC Modes

Tie line bias- uses entire ACE equation
Flat frequency- Considers only frequency control- islanded or isolated BA
Flat tie line- Only interchange component- if frequency signal is unavailable or unreliable

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Assessment period for interchange request

Time from ramp:
1 hour or less- 10 minutes
1-4 hours- 20 minutes
>4 hours- 2 hours

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Assessment evaluation for interchange

Energy profile
Ramp
Scheduling path

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ATC- Available Transfer Capability

ATC=TTC-CBM-TRM

CBM- Capacity benefit margin
TRM- Transmission reliability margin

ATC**- accounts for unscheduled flow

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Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange

Modify schedule for reliability between only the source and sink BA Must communicate to RC within 10 minutes if denied and reason for denial

Who confirms and and who is informed once interchange is confirmed?

Sink BA - Source BA - Intermediate BA - Each RC - TSP - Purchasing and selling entity

TLR- Transmission Loading Relief (TLR)

Interchange transactions >5% may be curtailed to provide relief

How often are real time assessments performed by the RC and purpose?

Every 30 minutes- identify IROL exceedances

How long can a IROL exceed its limit?

30 minutes or Tv (Tv must be 30 minutes or less)

Who implements plan to prevent exceeding IROL/SOL?

How often are plans, processes and procedures reviewed?

Every 15 months

GMD are more likely to occur in what terrain?

Igneous rock

Impacted equipment by GMD event?

Transformer with high side wye grounded windings >200kv

Who disseminates GMD info?

Designated RC

EEA Levels

EEA 1- All available generation resources in use, concerned about sustaining contingency reserves, non firm energy sails are curtailed EEA 2- Load management procedures in effect, no longer able to provide energy requirements- BA has implemented Operating Plan to mitigate emergencies and still able to maintain minimum contingency EEA 3- Firm load interruption imminent or in progress- unable to meet minimum contingency reserves

Who issues EEA?

Time requirement for reviewing Operating Plans

30 days | Submitted by BA and TO to RC

Operating plan should include what?

Communication Pro Controlling Actions Coordination Staffing levels

Requirement for review of changes to restoration plan with blackstart resources

Planned- prior to change | Unplanned- within 90 days of change

Requirement to verify blackstart plans?

Every 5 years through: - Actual events - Blackstart resource testing every 3 years

Training requirements for blackstart resources

TO- Annually Switching Personnel- 2 hours every 2 years GO- 2 hours every 2 years- starting unit and energizing bus

Blackstart resource testing requirements

Every 3 years - No assistance from BES - Energize a bus

TO and GO agreement for changes in blackstart resource ability

Within 24 hours if offline | Within 30 minutes if online

RC review of restoration plan frequency

Every 13 months | - Neighboring plan within 30 days and notification within 60 days if there is a conflict, resolved within 30 days

Island load shed thumbrule

6-10% will increase frequency 1 Hz

Load restoration thrumbrule

5% of online generation

Restoration drill training

2 drills/year Annual training for RC Each TO/GO every 2 years participate in drill

BCC (Back up control center) requirements

Implemented in 2 hours or less and maintained 2 hours or more Performed annually

Differential relay (87)

Power in=Power out, closed zone of protection

Distance relay (21)

Open zone, uses PT and CT-->Z=V/I

Relay zones of protection

1- 90% 2- 120-150% 3- 150-300%

Overcurrent Relay

Back up to distance and differential 50- instantaneous 51- timed Directional- 67

SIL- Surge impedance loading

@ SIL- Produced reactive power=consumed reactive power | >SIL- Inductive, voltage lowers

Capacitor equation

Rated*[(Bus voltage/Rated voltage)^2]

AVR Requirements

Must run in AVR unless: S/u, S/d, testing Notify SO within 30 minutes for a change in VR status, not required if within 30 minutes

Generator Transformer requirements

W/ in 30 days of request if the primary transformer windings are > generator terminal voltage, Gen. owner shall provide TO and TP w/: - Tap settings - Available fixed tap ranges - Impedance data

DCS Compliance

100% to 15 minute recovery

CPS Compliance

>100% (monthly)

Reportable manual load shed

>/= 100 MW

Reportable loss of firm load

>/=300 MW

BAAL

<30 minutes to get within bound

COM requirements for RC (primary/backup)

TO, BA, adjacent RC

COM requirement for BA (primary/backup)

RC, adjacent BA, TO, GO, DSP | Back up: RC, TO, adjacent BA

COM requirement for TO (primary/back up)

RC, adjacent TO, BA, GO, DSP | Back up: RC, BA, adjacent TO

Failure of comms

Notify affected entities within 60 minutes if >30 minutes

Testing of alt. comms

Once very month (TO, BA, RC)- must initiate corrective action within 2 hours to repair or replace

Requirement to report EOP-004 event

IAW Operating plan within 24 hours or 4PM the following business day

TOP-001 data validation

BA must validate data once every 90 days-->must be restored within 2 hours if lost

EOP-005, System restoration plan requirements

Reviewed annually and submitted to RC- within 90 days of unplanned changes, prior to any planned changes, verified every 5 years

Restoration drill plan review requirement

Every 13 months RC review neighboring RC and TO plan within 30 days If an issue arises, not. of conflict within 60 days and resolved in 30 days

RC Prep Flashcards

(70 cards)