RE Revision Flashcards
(431 cards)
1
Q
Adultery
A
a sexual relationship between a couple not married to each other, but married to others
2
Q
Age of Consent
A
according to the law, the age at which a person is considered old enough to give consent to sex (16 in UK)
3
Q
Annulment
A
cancellation of marriage in Roman Catholic tradition, as if marriage never was
4
Q
Civil Marriage
A
non-religious marriage
5
Q
Civil Partnership
A
legal union of two people of the same gender, now of equality with heterosexual marriage in all respects
6
Q
Commitment
A
making a promise or pledge, in this case, marriage
7
Q
Celibacy
A
not having sexual relations
8
Q
Chastity
A
sexual purity, e.g. not having sex before marriage
9
Q
Cohabitation
A
where a couple live together without being married/in a civil partnership
10
Q
Contraception
A
precautions taken to prevent pregnancy and to protect against contracting/transmitting STIs
11
Q
Contract
A
a binding agreement between two sides
12
Q
Covenant
A
an agreement based on promises between two sides, here in marriage where the agreement is made before God (as a witness) and with God (as a partner)
13
Q
Divorce
A
legal ending of marriage
14
Q
Extended Family
A
family unit compromising of mother, father and children but also cousins, grandparents etc.
15
Q
Gender Discrimination
A
acting on prejudices against someone because of their gender
16
Q
Gender Equality
A
the belief that both genders are of equal status and value, so discrimination against either is wrong
17
Q
Gender Prejudice
A
the belief that one gender is better than the other
18
Q
Heterosexuality
A
being physically/sexually attracted to persons of the opposite gender
19
Q
Homosexuality
A
being physically/sexually attracted to persons of the same gender
20
Q
Nuclear Family
A
family unit made up of mother, father and their children
21
Q
Polygamy
A
where someone is married to more than one person
not allowed in Christianity, permitted in Islam
22
Q
Procreation
A
having a child, seen as a duty in many religions
23
Q
Remarriage
A
marriage for the second time, after divorce ending an earlier marriage
24
Q
Responsibility
A
duties, what a person has to do as part of an agreement they have made, or role they have taken on
25
Single Parent Family
family unit in which children and one parent, either mum or dad, live together
26
Vows
promises made by bride and groom during marriage ceremony
27
Queer
an inclusive term for people who are non-heterosexual, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. For many, the word has negative connotations, however many people have reclaimed it as a symbol of pride, though it is recommended that heterosexual people do not use it
28
Intersex
people born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female, or is considered by the medical establishment to be biologically ambiguous
29
Bisexual
a person who is attracted to people of their gender and another gender, but the attraction does not have to be equally split
30
Fluid
generally with another term attached, e.g. gender-fluid or fluid sexuality, describes an identity that may change or shift over time or within the mix of options avaliable, e.g. man and woman
31
Gay
individuals who are attracted to people of the same sex and/or gender
32
Lesbian
women who have the capacity to be attracted to other women
33
Transgender
a person who lives as a member of a gender other than the one assigned at birth based on anatomical sex
34
Transvestite
a person who dresses as the binary opposite gender expression for many reasons, e.g. relaxation, fun, sexual gratification
35
1885
when sexual acts between homosexuals were made illegal
36
1967
when homosexual acts made legal for people over 21, except in the armed forces
37
1994
when the age of consent for homosexuals was reduced to 18
38
2000
when homosexuals were allowed to start serving in the armed forces
39
2001
when the age of consent for homosexual acts was reduced to 16, the same as heterosexuals
40
2004
when civil partnerships were recognised by British law
41
2013
where same-sex marriage became legal in the UK
42
Promiscuous
someone who has lots of sexual relationships
not approved of by most Christians
43
Abstinence
the view that you should not have sex before marriage
agreed with by most Christians
44
Premarital
sex before marriage
not approved of by most Christians
45
Contraceptive Implant
a small flexible rod that is placed under the skin of the upper arm by a health professional and releases progestogen to stop ovulation
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
46
Contraceptive Injection
works by a doctor or nurse injecting progestogen into your body
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
47
Condom
made out of this latex, this is put over the penis and stops sperm form entering the vagina, also works to stop STIs
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
48
Femidom
a thin polyurethane that loosely lines the vagina and stops sperm from entering, also used to protect from STIs
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
49
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
a small plastic and copper devices known as a coil that is put into the uterus by a doctor or nurse
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
50
Contraceptive Patch
a patch that is stuck to the skin and releases estrogen and progestogen to stop ovulation
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
51
The Pill
a daily orgal ontraceptive that contains estrogen and progestogen
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
52
The Diaphragm
a soft done made of latex or silicone and is used with spermicide
not approved of by Roman Catholic Church
53
Natural Family Planning
also known as fertility awareness, relies on you knowing when you are fertile by noting different indicators to show when you can have sex without risk of getting pregnant
approved of by Roman Catholic church
54
Female Sterilisation
also known as hysterectomy, this is a permanent method for women who will never want children
55
Male Sterilisation
also known as vasectomy, this is a permanent method for men who are sure they will never want children
56
Emergency Contraception
methods done after sex to prevent an egg implanting in the womb
disapproved of in Christianity as it is seen as killing a baby
57
abortifacient
methods of contraception taken after sex, seen as killing a baby
not approved of in Christianity
58
Wedding Dress
often white to symbolise purity (being a virgin)
59
Wedding Rings
circular and have no beginning or end to symbolise never ending love
60
Wedding Cake
sweet taste symbolises richness of marriage, shape is based on St Bride's Church in London
61
Wedding Flowers
a fertility symbol, used to decorate the Church
62
Wedding Bells
clanging drives evil spirits away
63
Giving the bride away
the care and protection of the bride is passed from father to husband
64
Same Sex Family
a couple of the same sex living with their children
65
Sexual Stereotyping
having a fixed view about how men and women will behave
66
Monogamy
being married to one person
approved of in Christianity
67
Polygyny
where a man has more than one wife
not allowed in Christianity, permitted in Islam
68
Polyandry
where a woman has more than one wife
not allowed in Christianity
69
Abraham
the father of the Jewish people, God made a covenant with him, promising him land and descendants, which was sealed by circumcision
70
The Amidah
the standing prayer, recited at the three daily servies in the synagogue and consists of three opening blessings, the closing blessings and three intermediate blessings
71
Aron Hakodesh
the Ark, the holiest part of the synagogue as it contains the Torah scrolls
72
Bar Mitzvah
celebration of a boy coming of age at 13, literally means Son of Commandment
73
Bat Mitzvah
celebration of a girl coming of age, literally means Daughter of Commandment
74
Bimah
the reading platform in a synagogue from which the Torah is read
75
Brit Milah
the religious ceremony of circumcision that happens when a boy is eight days old, where the boy becomes a member of the Jewish people of God
76
Charity
refers to the requirement for Jews to give at least ten percent of their income to charity, as Jews believe it is injust not to give to those in need
77
Tzedakah
literally means justice, import belief in Judaism
78
The Covenant
God's agreement to look after the Jews as his chosen people, subject to Israel's obedience
79
Creator
refers to the belief that God created the world from nothing
80
Dietary Laws
the food laws that were given by God to the Jews which relate to what may and may not be eaten and in what combination and to the preparation of food
81
Free Will
God gave humans the gift of free will, which means that they are free to choose to do right or wrong and bear responsibility for their actions
82
God as One
the belief that there is one God
83
Tikkun Olam
the Jewish belief in healing the world, making the world a better place
84
Judge
the belief that God is fair and recognises that humans are not perfect and so takes this into account, as God's justice incorporates both forgiveness and mercy
85
Judgement
the belief of many Jews in a Day of Judgement when God will judge the living and the dead, rewarding all good people, both Jews and non-Jews
86
Kosher
food that is clean and fits the requirements of Jewish laws
87
Law-Giver
refers to God's giving of the Law to Moses on Mount Sinai
88
Liberal Judaism
a form of progressive Judaism which seems to combine traditional beliefs and practices with modern interpretations
89
Merciful
refers to the nature of God as compassionate
90
The Messiah
literally 'the annointed one', Orthodox Jews believe that a Messiah will be a human person sent by God to establish justice and peace on the earth. For Reform Jews, the Messiah is a symbolic figure
91
Mitzvot
singular of Mitzvah
92
Mitzvah
the 613 commandments/rules
93
Moses
the person through whom God set free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, to whom God gave the Ten Commandments and through whom God made a covenant with Israel
94
Mourning Rituals
refers to set practices that are carried out by Jews as a way of grieving for loved ones who have died
95
Ner Tamid
the ever-burning light that is above and in front of the Aron Hakodesh and burns continually as a symbol of God's presence
96
Talmud
the oral law, Jews believe that this law was given to Moses and then eventually written down and explained by the Rabbis and consists of the Mishnah and the Gemara
97
Mishnah
the first part of the Talmud after the Torah
98
Gemara
the second part of the Talmud after the Torah
99
Orthodox Judaism
Jews who believe God gave the complete Torah to Moses and therefore live according to Jewish laws and traditions
100
Pesach
Passover, celebrates the Exodus from Egypt, celebrated in Spring
101
Pikuach Nefesh
the mitzvah of saving a life, which overrides all other religious laws, except incest, murder and idolatry
102
Reform Judaism
Jews who believe the Torah was inspired by God and was developed through their history, therefore laws may be changed or adapted as modern life changes
103
Resurrection
the belief of many Jews in a future age where the dead will rise from their graves to live again
104
Rosh Hashanah
the Jewish New Year, the start of the ten day period of High Holy Days that culminates in Yom Kippur and marks the beginning of God's judgement of his people
105
Sanctity of Human Life
the belief that human life is a precious gift from God and is not to be taken without just cause
106
Shabbat
Holy day of the week, a day of spiritual renewal beginning at sunset of Friday and continuing to nightfall on Saturday
107
Shekhinah
the divine presence which indicates that God is a Being beyond human understanding yet whose presence may be experienced
108
Sinai
the mountain where Moses received the Law from God and where the Covenant between God and Israel was made
109
Synagogue
means coming together, a building for Jewish public worship, study and gathering
110
Tenakh
books that comprise the Jewish scriptures that falls into three parts, Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim, believed by many Jews to have been given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai
111
Nevi'im
writings of the prophets, part of the Talmud
112
Ketuvim
writings, third part of the Talmud after Nevi'im
113
Ten Commandments
a list of religious and moral rules that were given by God to Moses
114
Trefah
forbidden food, literally means torn, doesn't fulfill the Jewish dietary laws
115
Yom Kippur
Day of Atonement, a day of penitence and fasting on the tenth day after Rosh Hashanah, the holiest day of the year for Jews
116
Tallit
prayer shawl
117
Tefillin
small box containing the Shema, worn on head and left arm
118
Shema
belief in one God
119
Mezuzah
small box containing the Shema, stuck on the front door
120
Elohim
Hebrew for supreme one, name for God
121
Hashem
Hebrew for the name, name for God
122
Tzitzit
tassles on the prayer shawl
123
Kippar
skull cap
124
Yarmulke
skull cap
125
Zionist
someone who believes Israel should be developed for Jews
126
Decalogue
Ten Commandments
127
Diaspora
when the Jews spread across the world after the Holocaust
128
Holocaust
mass genocide of six million Jews by the Nazis
129
Shoah
Holocaust
130
Creatio ex nihilo
creation started out of nothing
131
Omnipotent
all-powerful
132
Omniscient
all-knowing
133
Omnipresent
present everywhere
134
Sustainer
refers to how God provides resources to provide for all species
135
Eternal
without beginning or end
136
Ritual Commandments
mitvot after how to worship God
137
Ethical Commandments
mitzvot about how to treat others
138
Mishpatim
mitzvot which have an obvious reason
139
Chukim
mitzvot which don't have an obvious reason
140
Pomegranate
eaten on Rosh Hashanah to represent the Commandments
141
Olive Oil
oil that kings are annointed with, that Messiah will one day be annointed with
142
Messianic Jews
a Jew who believes Jesus is the Messiah
143
Sheol
grave or pit that is the only thing mentioned in the Tenakh about life after death
144
Olam-Ha-Ba
literally means the World to Come and is a later development of Jewish belief mentioned in the Talmud and suggests that if a righteous person suffers in this life time, they will be rewarded in life to come
145
Gan Eden
literally Garden of Eden, mentioned in the Talmud and refers to a heavenly realm where righteous souls rest
146
Gehinnon
the average person descends to a place of punishment and/or purification, generally referred to as Gehinnon, named from a valley south of Jerusalem. After a twelve-month period, a soul takes its place in Gan Eden. Some say after this the wicked a destroyed and cease to exist, others say they are tortured forever
147
Chesed
belief in the importance of kindness
148
Pushke Box
a box kept in a Jewish household where spare change is put to be given to charity
149
Ritual Commandments
commandments about people's relationship with God
150
Social Commandments
commandments about people's relationship with other people
151
Messianic Age
a time of world peace, established by the Messiah
152
Epistemic Distance
the distance that God keeps from humans, allowing them to make their own mistakes
153
Masorti Jews
Jews who respect academic teachings as a way to learn about the world better and believe they should find out everything about God's world
154
Sephardi Jews
small branch of Jews who have several of their own unique traditions
155
Ageism
discrimination against someone because of their age
156
Community
a group of people who share a characteristic, e.g. Jewish community, Hispanic community
157
Compassion
loving kindness, attitude to help others simply because it is right to help
158
Discrimination
actions that come from prejudice
159
Equality
belief that everyone is equal in value and worth
160
Fair Pay
payment that is appropriate for work done
161
Gender
being male or female
162
Harmony
living together in society without argument or conflict
163
Human Rights
the rights a person should be entitled to simply by being a human being e.g. education, fair treatment, etc.
164
Human Rights Act
UK law which protects the rights of individuals and allows a challenge when these are breached
165
Interest
money paid back on loans aside from the original amount loaned
166
Justice
getting fairness, getting redress for unfairness
167
Loan
amount of money borrowed from a lender, usually paid back in installments with interest, where excessive, the interest charged on the loan is extremely high, often unfairly so
168
People Trafficking
Illegal trade of humans for slavery, eg for sex and/or work
169
Poverty
having less than the basic needs of life, so that day-to-day living is a struggle
170
Prejudice
prejudging someone someone based on characteristics they have, eg ethnicity, gender
171
Racism
prejudice against someone because of their ethnicity/colour
172
Responsibility
duty, eg the responsibility to work, to earn money for yourself
173
Rights
what a person is entitled to, eg right to education
174
Sexuality
a person's sexual orientation, eg whether they are straight, bi or homosexual
175
Social Justice
bringing justice to society so that all within a society have the same opportunities and can take advantage of them, includes projects to improve the life situation of those at the poorest end of society, eg by educational support
176
Stewardship
duty to look after the world given by God to humans, which extends to looking after all life, including other humans
177
Tolerance
acceptance of difference rather than seeing it as a problem
178
UN Declaration of Human Rights
a statement adopted by the United Nations and all their signatures, including the UK, to protect human beings in special regards
179
Wealth
money and possessions a person has, usually in such quantities as to give a very comfortable lifestyle
180
Article 1
Right to equality
181
Article 2
Freedom from discrimination
182
Article 3
Right to life, liberty, personal security
183
Article 4
Freedom from slavery
184
Article 5
Freedom from torture and degrading treatment
185
Article 6
Right to recognition as a person before the law
186
Article 7
Right to equality before the law
187
Article 8
Right to remedy by competent tribunal
188
Article 9
Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile
189
Article 10
Right to fair public hearing
190
Article 11
Right to be considered innocent until proven guilty
191
Article 12
Freedom from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondance
192
Article 13
Right to free movement in and out of the country
193
Article 14
Right to asylum in other countries and the freedom to change it
194
Article 15
Right to a nationality and the freedom to change
195
Article 17
Right to own property
196
Article 18
Freedom of belief and religion
197
Article 19
Freedom of opinion and information
198
Article 20
Right to peaceful assembly and association
199
Article 21
Right to participate in government and in free elections
200
Article 22
Right to social security
201
Article 23
Right to desirable work and to join trade unions
202
Article 24
Right to rest and leisure
203
Article 25
Right to adequate living standard
204
Article 26
Right to education
205
Article 27
Right to participate in the cultural life of community
206
Article 28
Right to a social order that articulates this document
207
Article 29
Community duties essential to free and full development
208
Article 30
Freedom from state or personal interference in the above rights
209
Religious Freedom
Freedom to follow whichever religion you want to or not follow any religion
210
Freedom of Religious Expression
freedom to follow practices of whichever religion you choose
211
Exclusivists
Christians who believe only their version of Christianity is right
212
Inclusivists
Christians who believe that as long as a person leads a good moral life, they can achieve salvation even if they aren't Christian
213
Libby Lane
first female bishop ordained by the Church of England
214
Equality Act 2010
Totally useless piece of legislation that nobody pays attention to when it matters
You cannot discriminate against someone with a protected characteristic
215
Protected Characteristic
age, disability, sex, gender reassignment, race, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy/maternity
216
Testimony of Equality
a Quaker testimony allowing women to have leadership roles in their church
217
1928
equal voting rights
218
1970
Equal Pay Act
219
1975
Sex Discrimination Act
220
2010
Equality Act 2010
221
Miriam
Moses's sister, played a significant part in saving Moses from being killed as a baby, and then became a prophetess when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt
222
Deborah
a judge who ruled Israel
223
Lydia
a rich woman who founded the first church in Philippi
224
Priscilla
a woman who helped mentor new Christians in the early Church
225
Phoebe
a woman who served in the early church in Cenchrea and was commended by Paul
226
Esther
a biblical queen who saved her people from masacre
227
Mary and Martha
followers of Jesus who were commended by Jesus for treating him as their Rabbi
228
Apartheid
literally aparthood, laws in South Africa that kept various group separated based on appearance, ancestry, socioeconomic lifestyle and cultural lifestyle
229
Desmond Tutu
a Christian who fought against Apartheid and racial discrimination
230
Social Justice
something that ensure that society treats people fairly whether they are poor or wealthy and protects people's human rights
231
Absolute Poverty
where people are living on less than a pound, used to talk about poverty in other countries
232
Relative Poverty
where you are relatively poor compared to others
233
Poverty Trap
not being able to break out of poverty
234
Exploitation
the action of threatening someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work
235
UK Minimum Wage
£9.18
236
Rana Plaza Disaster
the collapse of a garment factory in Bangladesh leading to the deaths of 1134 workers
237
Loan Sharks
a moneylender who charges extremely high rates of interest, typically under illegal conditions
238
Siddur
Jewish prayer book
239
Chumash
book form of the Torah as opposed to a scroll
240
Beit Knesset
House of Assembly (name for synagogue)
241
Beit Tefilah
House of Prayer (name for synagogue)
242
Shul
School (name for synagogue)
243
Sifrei Torah
Torah scrolls
244
Chosen
breast plate for the Torah
245
Rimonim
used to unroll the Torah scrolls
246
Yad
used to read the Torah scrolls
247
Chazzan
the cantor, person who sings in the Synagogue
248
Mikvah
Jewish spiritual bath
249
Praise
types of prayer that involve praising G-d
250
Thanksgiving
types of prayer that involve thanking G-d
251
Petitionary
types of prayer that involve asking G-d for things
252
Aleinu
closing prayer in a Synagogue
253
Challah
special bread for Shabbat
254
Baruch
Hebrew for Blessings
255
Attah
Hebrew for you
256
Hawdalah
division, praise God for separating Jews and non-Jews
257
Pentateuch
another name for the Torah
258
Megillot
five books which relate to Jewish festivals, e.g. Esther
259
Trefah
torn/food that is forbidden to eat
260
Shochet
someone hired to kill an animal in a specific way that is kosher for Jews
261
Shechita
the right way to kill animals in accordance with Jewish laws
262
Pareve
foods that you can eat constantly according to Jewish law
263
Kashrut
Jewish dietary laws
264
Mohel
a man who performs a circumcision
265
Mohelet
a woman who performs a circumcision, not allowed in Orthodox Judaism
266
Sandek
the Jewish equivalent of a godparent
267
Kohen
a descendant of the original priests
268
Redemption of Firstborn
where the firstborn child is offered to the Temple
269
Sephardim
Jews from Spanish or Portuguese descent
270
Ashkenazim
Jews from middle East of north African descent
271
Yahrzeit
the yearly anniversary of the death of a loved one, marked by lighting a candle
272
Domus Conversorum
an institution in London which used to forcibly convert Jews to Christianity, founded in 1232
273
Hevra Kadisha
an organization of Jewish people who prepare a dead Jew for burial and protect their body until the funeral
274
Cultural Judaism
a sect of Judaism who see Judaism as part of their history, but do not follow the Mitzvot
275
Chassidic
a branch of Orthodox Judaism
276
Halachic Law
mitzvot that dictate the day-to-day of Jews
277
Abayudaya
a small community of Jews living in Eastern Uganda
278
Sofer
a Jewish scribe who writes Torah scrolls and other pieces of scripture
279
Bentsher
a booklet containing blessings and prayers
280
Bentsch
to recite the Birkat Hamazon
281
Tabula
a game traditionally played by Jewish children during festivals, similar to Backgammon
282
Pareve
food that contains neither milk nor dairy
283
Mishna
the first major written collection of Jewish scriptures written
284
Kiddush
a ceremony of prayer and blessing over wine, performed by the head of a Jewish household, at the beginning of Shabbat or a ceremony
285
Aiba Kanfot
a smaller version of the tallit that Jews used during persecution as it was easier to hide
286
Shofar
the ram's horn blown during Yom Kippur
287
Dreidel
a spinning top with Hebrew letters on it, played with by children at Hannukkah
288
Gregger
a rattle or noisemaker traditionally used by children during Purim
289
Etz Hayim
the tree of life in the Garden of Eden
290
Sefer Torah
a small handwritten copy of the Torah
291
Elijah
guardian angel of children, said to be spirtually present at all brit milahs
292
Brit Bat
naming ceremonies for Jewish girls in Reform Judaism, happens at thirty days
293
Kiddushin
betrothal or engagement, usually lasts about twelve and hold the same legal status as normal engagement
294
Chuppah
a canopy held up by four poles which two people get married underneath of
295
Ketubah
Jewish wedding certificate
296
Aramaic
language that the Ketubah is written in, similar to Hebrew
297
Mazel Tov
Hebrew for good luck
298
Mezuzot
the piece of paper inside the Mezuzah with the Shema written on it
299
Birkat Hamazon
various prayers said after activities such as eating
300
Seder Plate
plate containing symbolic food that is used during Pesach
301
Karpas
A green vegetable, often parsley, that is placed on the sedar plate to represent the initial flourishing of the Jews in Egypt. In Ashkenazi culture, this dipped in salt water to represent the tears of the slaves, in Sephardi culture it is dipped in vinegar to represent hope
302
Haroset
on the Sedar Plate a sweet paste to represent the mortar between the bricks that the Jews were forced to lay, from the Hebrew word cheres, clay
303
Maror
a bitter herb, often horseradish, to represent the bitterness of slavery on the Sedar Plate
304
Hazeret
a second bitter herb on the Sedar plate, often romaine lettuce, not always included
305
Zeroa
a shank bone on the Sedar plate that represents the lamb that the Jews sacrificed as the special Passover offering when the temple stood in Jerusalem, sometimes substituted with roast beat, to symbolise the colour of blood
306
Beitzah
on the sedar plate, a hard-boiled egg, which represents the cycle of life
307
Hag Ha-Aviv
another word for Pesach, the holiday of Spring
308
Song of Songs
a Jewish book that is most infused with images of love and sexuality
309
Midrashic
early interpretations of Jewish beliefs
310
Korech
a special sandwich, also known as a Hillel sandwich, eaten at Pesach, which consists of Matzah and bitter herbs
311
Matzah
symbolic bread in Judaism, as it was all the Israelites had to eat when they fled Egypt
312
Ascension
Literally the 'going up' of Jesus to Heaven 40 days after his resurrection
313
Atonement
Literally 'at-one-ment', it refers to the reconciliation between God and humanity that was sealed by the sacrificial death of Jesus
314
Bible
Sacred book for Christians containing both the Old and New Testament
315
Catholic
the branch of Christianity which is led by the Pope
316
Church
Christian place of worship
317
Consubstantiation
the concept of all three persons of the trinity have the same essence
318
Crucifixion
Roman method of execution by which criminals were fixed to a cross
319
Easter
the religions season celebrating
320
Evil
the opposite of good, a force that is seen in many traditions as destructive and against God
321
The Father
the first person of the trinity, the creator and sustainer of the universe
322
Grace
the unconditional and generous love that God shows to people who do not deserve it
323
Heaven
the state after death of being with and enjoying eternity with God
324
Hell
the place of eternal suffering or the state after death of separation from God for those who want no relationship with him
325
Holy Spirit
the third person of the Holy Trinity who descended like a dove on Jesus at his baptism, Christians believe it is the holy spirit that is present and inspires them
326
Incarnation
Literally 'in flesh' or 'enfleshed', the doctrine that God took the human form as Jesus
327
Infant baptism
initiation of babies and young children into the Church, where promises are taken on their behalf by adults, where the infant is freed from sin and introduced to the saving love of God and the support of the Christian community
328
Jesus
first century Jewish teacher and holy man, believed by Christians to be the Son of God
329
Judgement
when God decides whether each person should receive eternal life or eternal punishment
330
Just
refers to the nature of God as one who treats each individual human being fairly and equally
331
Law
refers to the law of God, revealed in the Bible, which Christians are called to obey, St Paul made it clear that salvation is not earned by obedience to the law but is God's free gift
332
Oneness of God
the belief that God is 'one' (father, son and Holy spirt)
333
Original Sin
the traditional belief that is still held by some Christians that human nature is basically flawed, and so humans have a tendency to go against God's Will, Christians who think the Bible is literally true believe that has been passed down from Adam and Eve
334
Orthodox
the most popular ChristianProtest tradition in some parts of Eastern Europe, the two main ones being Greek and Russian
334
Orthodox
the most popular ChristianProtest tradition in some parts of Eastern Europe, the two main ones being Greek and Russian
335
Protestant
the Churches that 'protested' against and broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, generally based closer on the Bible than those of Catholic and Orthodox Churches
336
Resurrection
the event celebrated on Easter Day of Jesus rising from the dead, an event recorded in all four gospels and the central belief of Christianity, the form that many Christians believe the afterlife will take, referring to either physical
337
Salvation
saving the soul and deliverance from sin and admission to Heaven brought about by Jesus
338
Sin
behaviour which is against God's laws and wishes/against principles of morality, a thought, word or action which is wrong, which people know is wrong and which people freely choose
339
The Son
the second person of the trinity, Jesus, God incarnate
340
Son of God
a title used for Jesus, the second person in the trinity, denotes the special relationship between Jesus and God
341
Suffering
when people have to face and live with unpleasant events or conditions
342
Trinity
the belief that there are three Persons in the one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit
343
Word
St John's Gospel 1 describes God creating the world through is Word and links this to Jesus in the statement: "The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us".
344
Theodicies
reasons God may not stop evil and suffering
345
The Great Schism
where Christianity split into Catholicism and Orthodox
346
Non Trinitarians
Christians who believe that Jesus is lesser than God
347
Deism
belief in supreme beings who do not interfere in the way of the world
348
Dualism
the state of being divided
349
The Epicurean Paradox
a version of the problem of evil, wherein God cannot be all-loving and all-powerful, as that would mean he would not allow evil and suffering
350
The Inconsistent Triad
created by JL Mackie to explain the Epicurean Paradox
351
The Problem of Evil
the fact that there is suffering in the world, even though God is all-loving and all-knowing
352
Job
a wealthy businessman who had his faith tested by God, as God took away his family, home, wealth and health
353
Augustine's Theodicy
a theodicy that suffering goes back to original sin
354
Job's Theodicy
a theodicy that suffering is a test of faith
355
Irenaeus's Theodicy
a theodicy that claims suffering makes us more God-like and develops character
356
Creed
comes from the Latin word 'credo', meaning 'I believe'
357
The Apostles's Creed
One of the main creeds in Christianity, used especially by Baptists
358
The Nicene Creed
the other main creed in Christianity, invented to reinforce that God and Jesus are the same
359
Catholic
universal
360
Communion of the Saints
the relationship between living and dead Christians
361
Emperor Nero
the Roman emperor who outlawed Christianity and persecuted and tortured Christians, including turning them into candles and fireworks
362
Emperor Constantine
the emperor who made Christianity legal, as his wife was Christian
363
Pope Ambrose
the pope who convinced Constantine to make Christianity legal
364
Reforation
when Christianity split into Catholicism and Protestantism
365
Reformation
when the Church of England (Anglicanism) was created
366
Early Christian Church
believed that Jesus would come back very soon, so didn't bother building proper churches
367
Roman Catholic Church
first proper church, with the Pope as head, built proper churches and theorised that it might be a long time before Jesus returned
368
Oriental Orthodoxy
a branch of Orthodoxy that adheres to Miaphysite Christology
369
Miaphysitism
the belief that Jesus is simultaneously one person and one nature
370
Eastern Orthodoxy
was created because people didn't agree with the idea that the Church should have a leadership structure, ie the Pope
371
Russian Orthodox
the largest Eastern Orthodox Church, mainly in Russia, though spreading into America. Involves painting idols as a form of worship
372
Serbian Orthodox
a branch of Eastern Orthodox mainly practised in Serbia and Bosnia with very traditional views. They are anti-monarchy as they believe God is the true king
373
Greek Orthodox
a branch of Eastern Orthodox routed in preserving the Greek identity
374
Moravian Church
the original Protestants, believe in missionaries, pacifism and ecumenism
375
Ecumenism
the belief that Christians should live and work separately to other religions
376
Lutherans
a branch of Protestantism named after Martin Luther, following his theologies very strictly
377
Anglicanism
the branch of Christianity created by Henry VIII, only really practised in England, unlike most branches of Protestantism, they believe in Ecclesiastes
378
Congregational Church
Protestant churches that are completely independent and run only by their own congregations
379
Quakers
a form of Congregational Church that involves a lot of silence in worship and is very open-minded, and very opposed to violence
380
United Church of Christ
a form of Congregational Church, who believe the Bible is the highest source of authority and take it very seriously
381
Baptism
a branch of Protestantism who believe that you should not baptise babies, but should choose to be baptised as an adult
382
Southern Baptist Convention
a denomination of Baptists who are very conservative and against homosexuality
383
Seventh Day Adventist
a denomination of Batists who focus on the imminent coming of Christ
384
Church of God in Christ
a denomination of Baptism who focus on the Holy Spirit
385
Episcopilian
a branch of Protestantism who believe in the 'middle way', meaning they show respect to other religions but still believe in conversion
386
Methodists
a branch of Protestantism that believe in being logical and reasonable in all areas concerning faith
387
Salvation Army
branch of Methodists who believe in saving people by converting them
388
African Methodist Episcopalian Church
a branch of Methodists in Africa who follow Arianism
389
Arianism
the belief that Jesus was not the same in essence as the Father
390
Holiness Churches
a branch of Methodist Churches who believe in Arianism put lots of emphasis on how God may transform the life on an individual Christian
391
Indiana Church of God
a branch of Holiness Churches that has no official leader and is congregational, practised only in Indiana
392
Church of the Nazarene
a branch of Holiness Church that believes that God calls Christians to a life of holy living that is marked by an act of God
393
Assemblies of God
a new branch of Holiness Churches who believe in the 14 Fundamental Truths
394
Cleveland Church of God
a branch of Holiness Church who believe that the best way to spread the word of God is to publish works about Him
395
Church of Christ
a form of Holiness Churches with lots of very distinct beliefs, such as that males are superior to females and the two should be educated and worship seperately, and that it is wrong to have multiple communion cups, and to oppose only one man preaching
396
Internal Church of Christ
developped from the Church of Christ but consider themselves completely separate from them, they are against Churches and instead use temporary buildings, and all members of the ICOC must go off and spend a year doing missionaries
397
Reformed Church
similar to Protestants, but with a different sets of issues with Catholicism
398
Church of Scotland
a branch of Reformists who oppose the Church of England and believe that church services in Scotland should be in Gaelic
399
Anabaptists
a denomination of the Reform Church who oppose infant baptism
400
Church of the Brethren
a branch of Anabaptism with a very complicated baptism routine that involves the Holy Kiss
401
Evangelical Free
a form of Anabaptism who believe in congregational policy, where there is official leadership
402
Mennonites
a very traditional form of Anabaptists who reject new things like electricity
403
Amish
a denomination of Mennonites known for their tranditional values such as rejecting new things like electricity and living a very simple and rural life
404
Presbyterianism
a denomination of Reform Churches who are led by a church government and have lots of respect for elders
405
Christian and Missionary Alliance
a denomination of Presbyterianism who strongly believe in missionaries
406
Shield of the Trinity
a visual representation of the Holy Trinity
407
homoouisos
essence
408
consubstantial
same in essence
409
Shamrock
a visual representation of the Trinity used by Saint Patrick
410
tritheism
belief in three Gods
411
Modalism
the misconception that God morphs between Father, Son and Holy Spirit
412
Partialism
the misconception that God is one third Son, one third Father and one third Holy Spirit
413
Logos
Greek for 'word' meaning communication or message, used by John to describe Jesus
414
Literal Christains
Christians who take the Bible literally and think it is a historical account that is completely accurate
415
Creationist
a Christian who takes the Bible literally and thinks that God created the world is seven days
416
Liberal Christians
Christains who believe that the Bible is not 100% scientifically accurate
417
Logos
Greek for 'word' meaning communication or message, used by John to describe uses to describe Jesus
418
Annunciation
when Angel Gabriel announced to Mary that she will have a baby
419
Son of Man
shows that Jesus has come to save Mankind
420
Son of God
shows that Jesus is part of God
421
Patibulum
crossbeam of the crucifix that Jesus was nailed to
422
Swoon Theory
theory that Jesus never die on the cross and only passed out from the pain and later either came round of his own accord or was revived by the women or Disciples
423
Hallucination Theory
theory that the women and the Disciples hallucinated Jesus in their grief
424
Stolen Body Theory
theory that Jesus's body weas stolen, possibly by the Desciples and women, who then told peole that Jesus had risen as they didn't want Christianity to die out
425
Crime
an action that breaks the law
426
The Fall
another name for the Bible story in which Eve picks the apple from the Tree of Good and Evil
427
Forgiveness
stop feeling angry or resentful towards someone for an offence, flaw or mistake
428
Reconciliation
the process of restoring harmony and admission to Heaven brought about by Jesus
429
Maximilian Kolbe
a Catholic priest who sacrificed himself in Auschwitz to save another man
430
sola gratia
the belief that faith in God is that is needed for salvation
