Reaction Mechanisms Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the 6 different reaction mechanisms?
Oxidation/Reduction, Dehydration, Hydration, Hydrolysis, Methylation, & Phosphorylation
What happens when something is oxidized?
It looses electrons/hydrogens —–> Hydrogens only have 1 electron, thus you lose an electron
What does this mean: OIL RIG
Oxidation is losing & Reduction is gaining.
A loss of electrons (OIL) creates a gain of Oxygen, and vice-versa
If a compound is considered the reducing agent, is it being oxidized or reduced?
It’s being oxidized —–> Rememeber, OIL is Oxygen Loss, so it’s being reduced by losing it’s hydrogens/electrons
What is the first step of oxidizing an alcohol?
Removing 2 hydrogens
What is a primary alcohol oxidized to?
An aldehyde or a carboxylic acid
What is a secondary alcohol oxidized to?
A ketone
What is a tertiary alcohol oxidized to?
Nothing, they cannot be oxidized
What is always a product of dehydration/condensation reactions?
Water (H20)
In Hydration reactions, ____ is added across a ____ bond.
water; double
What are the reactions used in Beta Oxidation?
OHOT: Oxidation, Hydration, Oxidation, Thiolysis
How many carbons does a beta oxidation reaction remove?
2
What is hydrolysis?
Water splitting —–> water is used to break a single bond
What compounds are used for saponification?
Triglycerides (fat) + 3NaOH —-> Glycerol + Fatty Acid Carboxylate Salt (Soap)
What is methylation?
A reaction that simply adds a methyl group to a compound
What is another way to say methylation?
1 Carbon Metabolism
What is phosphorylation?
The addition of a phosphate group
True or False, in REDOX reactions, the molecule that is oxidized or reduced is always a product?
FALSE! It will ALWAYS be a reactant!!
What happens in dehydration reaction?
Water (2 Hydrogens and 1 Oxygen) is removed from the reactants and is turned into a product. If water is a product there’s a good bet the mechanism is a dehydration reaction.
What happens in hydration reaction mechanisms?
Water is a reactant, and is added to a double bond on a reactant molecule to produce a secondary alcohol.
What is the product of a hydration reaction mechanism?
A secondary alcohol
What happens in hydrolysis reaction mechanisms?
Water is a reactant and is used to break a single bond. There will be one less bond in the product.
What reaction mechanism is used to form soap?
Hydrolysis
What happens in methylation as a reaction mechanism?
A methyl group is added to the reactant to make a product with a methyl group
