reaction mechanisms Flashcards
(20 cards)
Show free radical substitute
What is the condition needed for free radical substitution
UV
Show basic elimination
What are the conditions needed for basic elimination
- high temperature/ hot
- concentrated KOH
- solvent: ethanol
- hydroxide ion acts as a base (proton acceptor)
What does elimination turn alkane into?
Into alkene so it loses 2 hydrogen
Show nucleophilic substitution
What are the conditions needed for nucleophilic substitution
- low temperature
- dilute NaOH
- solvent: water/aqueous
- hydroxide ion acts as nucleophilic (electron pair donor e.g. :OH- :NH3 :CN-
What is the condition for NaOH?
- :OH-
- aqueous warm
What is the condition for KCN
- :CN-
- ethanoic warm (nitrile)
What is the condition for NH3
- :NH3
- excess concentrated ammonia dissolved in ethanol at pressure in a sealed container (amine)
What does electrophilic addition involve?
Alkenes
SHOW electrophilic addition with Br2
Show electrophilic addition with HBr
Show electrophilic addition with H2SO4
Show electrophilic addition with H2O
Why does water in electrophilic addition have to be present with a strong acid and give examples of the acids
- water is a weak electrophilic
- acids acts as a catalyst
- H2SO4 and H3PO4
How would you answer to “Why is _____ the major product”
- ____ is the major product because reaction proceeds via a carbonate intermediate
- the tertiary carbonation is more stable than primary carbonation
Show acid catalysed elimination
What are the conditions for acid catalysed elimination?
- hot temperature
Show dehydration of non primary alcohol
