reaction of functional groups

Question 1

aldehyde to acid
e,g ethanal to lactic acid
CH3CH(OH)COOH - lactic

Answer 1

1
-nucleophillic addition
-HCN + KCN
CH3CHO + HCN –> CH3CH(OH)CN
2
-hydrolysis
-strong acid
-heat under reflux
CH3CH(OH)CN + 2H2O + H+ –> CH3CH(OH)COOH + NH4+

Question 2

keytone/aldehyde to alcohol

Answer 2

LiAlH4
dry ether

Question 3

carboxylic acid to alcholol

Answer 3

LiAlH4
dry ether

Question 4

alcohol to esther

Answer 4

conc H2SO4
esterfacation

Question 5

alkane to halogenoalkane

Answer 5

Cl2 , Br2 ect
UV light
free radical substitudtion

Question 6

alkene to alkane

Answer 6

H2
Nickel catalyst
150*
margarine can be made

Question 7

alkene to halogenoalkane

Answer 7

hydrogen halide

Question 8

halogenoalkane to alkene

Answer 8

NaOH
ethanol
heat

Question 9

halogenoalkane to alcohol

Answer 9

aqueous NaOH
heat under reflux

Question 10

halogenoalkane to amine

Answer 10

conc NH3
ethanol
heat under pressure

Question 11

halogenoalkane to nitrile

Answer 11

KCN
ethanol
heat under reflux

Question 12

halogenoalkane to gringard reagent

Answer 12

Mg
dry ether

Question 13

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

Answer 13

X2
room temp

Question 14

alcohol to halogenoalkane

Answer 14

conc HX or PCl5
dif method for each halogen

Question 15

alcohol to keytone

Answer 15

secondary alcohol
acidifed K2Cr2O7
heat under reflux

Question 16

alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 16

primary alcohol
acidified K2Cr2O7
distil

Question 17

keytone/aldehyde to alcohol

Answer 17

LiAlH4 - source of H- ions
dry ether
hydrolysis

Question 18

gringard reagent to alcohol

Answer 18

HCOH
RCHO
RCOR’

Question 19

keytone/aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

Answer 19

KCN with HCN

Question 20

carboxylic acid to aldehyde

Answer 20

LiAlH4
dry ether
hydrolysis

Question 21

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 21

acidified K2Cr2O7
heat under reflux

Question 22

gringard reagent to carboxylic acid

Answer 22

CO2
hydrolysis

Question 23

nitrile to amine

Answer 23

H2
nickel catalyst
150*
LiAlH4
dry ether
hydrolysis

Question 24

nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 24

HCl
heat

Question 25

carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 25

ROH heat conc H2SO4

Question 26

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

Answer 26

PCl5 room temp

Question 27

ester to carboxylic acid

Answer 27

HCL or H2SO4 heat under reflux

Question 28

acyl chloride to ester

Answer 28

ROH room temp

Question 29

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Answer 29

H2O room temp

Question 30

acyl chloride to amide

Answer 30

conc NH3

Question 31

amine to secondary amide

Answer 31

acyl chloride room temp

Question 32

alcohol to ester

Answer 32

NaBH4

Question 33

benzene to

Question 34

alkene to alcohol

Answer 34

steam acid

Question 35

halogenoalkane to esther

Answer 35

alcohol - ethaolic KOH / NaOH carboxylic acid -pottasium dichromate vi -sulfuric acid esther -react alcohol with carboxylic acid -sulphuric acid catalyst

Question 36

diol from phenoalkene

Answer 36

pottasium manganate vii

Question 37

alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 37

potassium dichromate vi and dilute sulfuric acid heat under reflux forms water colour change from —- to green

Question 38

cyclicalcohol to cyclicalkene

Answer 38

elimination experiement phosphoric acid heat use distilation and seperating funell then dry

Question 39

Cyclic