Reaction Pathways Flashcards by Guerau Garrigos

Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane reagents

A

NaX (sodium halide)
H2SO4

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Q

Haloalkane to alcohol reagents

A

NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

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Q

Alcohol to alkene reagents

A

Phosphoric/Sulphuric acid
Heat

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Q

Alkene to alcohol reagents

A

H2O (steam)
Phosphoric acid

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Q

Alkene to alkane reagents

A

H2
Ni catalyst

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Q

Alkene to haloalkane reagents

A

Hydrogen halide

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Q

Alkane to haloalkane reagents

A

Halogen
UV light

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Q

Haloalkane to nitrile reagents

A

CN-
Ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to amine reagents

A

NH3
Ethanol

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Q

Nitrile to amine reagents

A

H2
Ni

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Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid reagents

A

H2O / HCl
Heat

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Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde reagents

A

Potassium dichromate
Sulphuric acid
Distillation

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Q

Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid reagents

A

Potassium dichromate
Sulphuric acid
Reflux

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Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone reagents

A

Potassium dichromate
Sulphuric acid
Reflux

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Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol reagents

A

NaBH4

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Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol reagents

A

NaBH4

Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile reagents

A

NaCN
H+

Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine reagents

A

H2
Ni

Q

Esterification reactants

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol
Sulphuric acid

Q

Esterification with acid anhydride reactant

A

Alcohol

Q

Ester to carboxylic acid reagents

A

dilute acid
Heat

Q

Ester to carboxylate reagents

A

OH-
heat

Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride reagents

A

SoCl2

Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid reagent

A

H2O

Acyl chloride to ester reagent

- alcohol

Acyl chloride to 1º amide

- NH3

Acyl chloride to 2º amide

- 1º amine

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid reagents

- H2O / HCl - heat

Benzene to nitrobenzene

conc HNO₃ conc H₂SO₄ (50ºC, higher temps, more substitutions)

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine (aka aminobenzene)

Sn (Tin) conc HCl

Phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

3Br₂

Benzene to methylbenzene

CH₃Cl with AlCl₃

Benzene to bromobenzene

Br₂ with FeBr₃

Benzene to chlorobenzene

Cl₂ with AlCl₃

Benzene to acetephone (benzeneketone)

CH₃COCl with AlCl₃

Benzene(ketone to secondary alcohol)

NaBH4

Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol

3Br₂

Phenol to Phenol salt (C6H5O⁻Na⁺)

NaOH (aq)

Phenol to nitrophenol

dilute HNO₃