REACTION PATHWAYS Flashcards by thiyara dhanapala

Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide
electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene to alcohol

A

steam, H3PO4
hydration

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Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2, Ni catalyst
electrophilic addition

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Q

alcohol to alkene

A

conc H3PO4/ H2SO4, heat
elimination

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Q

alcohol to haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

halogen, UV light
free radical substitution

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Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
distillation
oxidation

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Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
reflux
oxidation

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Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
reflux
oxidation

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Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4, H2O
reduction

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Q

ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4, H2O
reduction

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Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

NaCN
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

haloalkane to amine

A

NH3, ethanol
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O, HCl, heat
hydrolysis

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Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

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A

NaCN, H+
nucleophilic addition

Q

alcohol to ester

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A

carboxylic acid, H2SO4
esterification

Q

carboxylic acid to ester

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A

alcohol, H2SO4
esterification

Q

ester to carboxylate salt and alcohol

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A

NaOH
alkaline hydrolysis

Q

ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol

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A

dilute acid, heat
acid hydrolysis

Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

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A

SOCl2
chlorination

Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

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A

H2O
hydrolysis

Q

acyl chloride to primary amide

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A

NH3
nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

acyl chloride to secondary amide

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A

primary amine
nucleophilic addition elimination

benzene to methylbenzene

CH3Cl, AlCl3 electrophilic substitution

benzene to bromobenzene

Br2, FeBr3 electrophilic substitution

benzene to chlorobenzene

Cl2, AlCl3 electrophilic substitution

benzene to nitrobenzene

HNO3, H2SO4 electrophilic substitution

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

Sn, HCl reduction

acid anhydride + alcohol

ester COOH

acid anhydride + amine

amide COOH

Nitrile to amine

H2 Nickel