core orgainc Flashcards
(19 cards)
homologous series definition
a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
radical definition
a species with an unpaired electron
what is homo lytic fission
each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals
what is heterolytic fission
one bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair
what does a curly arrow show
movement of an electron pair
limitations of radical substitution in synthesis
formation of a mixture of organic products
further substitution
reactions at different positions in a carbon chain
how can waste polymers be processed
combustion for energy production
use as an organic feedstock for the production of plastics and other organic chemicals
removal of toxic waste products
preparation and purification of an organic liquid
use of a separating funnel to remove an organic layer from an aqueous layer
drying with an anhydrous salt (e.g. MgSO4, CaCl 2)
redistillation
what does IR radiation do to covalent bonds
causes covalent bonds to
vibrate more and absorb energy
the absorption of what radiation by atmospheric gases (e.g. CO2, H2O and CH4) is linked to global warming
infrared
what can infrared spectroscopy be used for
to monitor gases causing air pollution (e.g. CO and NO from car emissions)
in modern breathalysers to measure ethanol in the breath
uses of CFCs
aerosols
refrigerators
what happens to CFCs in the presence of UV
C- Cl bond breaks down
as it has a lower bond enthalpy than C- F
equations for breakdown of ozone by chlorine radicals
starting w CFC: CF2Cl2
CF2Cl2 > CF2Clº + Clº
Clº + O3 > ClOº + O2
ClOº + O > Clº + O2
overall equation for breakdown of ozone
O3 + O > 2O2
equations for breakdown of ozone by NO radicals
NOº + O3 > NO2º + O2
NO2º + O > NOº + O2
in TLC, do substances more strongly adsorbed onto the stationary phase move more or less
less
is a sigma or pi bond stronger
sigma
is a c=c or a c-c more polar
c-c
