Reactivity 3.1 - Proton Transfer Reactions

Question 1

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 1

a proton H+ donor

Question 2

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 2

A proton H+ acceptor

Question 3

What two ways can a proton be represented as

Answer 3

H+ or H3O+

Question 4

What are conjugate acid base pairs

Answer 4

Two molecules that differ by a proton

Question 5

What is an amphiprotic species

Answer 5

Can act as both bronsted lowery acid and base

Question 6

What is the autoionisation of water

Answer 6

Water dissociates to form hydronium and hydoxide

Question 7

What is Kw

Answer 7

Question 8

What are strong acids

Answer 8

They completely dissociate in solution; equilibrium lies to the right

Question 9

What are weak acids

Answer 9

They partially dissociate in solution; equilibrium lies to the left

Question 10

Strong acids have what conjugate base

Answer 10

Weak conjugate base

Question 11

Weak acids have what conjugate base

Answer 11

Strong conjugate base

Question 12

Summarize the three methods to distinguish between weak and strong acids and bases

Answer 12

Question 13

Give the 5 general equations for acid reactions

Answer 13

Acid + Metal hydroxide –> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal oxide –> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Carbonate –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Metal –> Salt + Hydrogen gas

Question 14

What does Ka and Kb indicate

Answer 14

Larger value = higher degree of dissociated = stronger a-b

Question 15

Relationship between Ka Kb

Answer 15

Question 16

Link pKa pKb Ka Kb and Kw

Answer 16

Question 17

Define salt hydrolysis

Answer 17

The reaction of a cation or anion with water to produce an acid or base solution

Question 18

What is true at the half equivalence point

Answer 18

pH = pKa and pOH = pKb

Question 19

Define buffer solution

Answer 19

A buffer solution resists a change in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

Question 20

What are the components of a buffer solution

Answer 20

usually the acid base pair

Question 21

Two ways acid buffer can be made

Answer 21

• Mixing weak acid and the salt of a weak acid and strong base
• Reacting a weak acid and a strong base

Question 22

Two ways basic buffer can be made

Answer 22

• Mixing weak base and the salt of a weak base and strong acid
• Reacting a weak base and a strong acid

Question 23

Equation for concentration of H+

Answer 23

Question 24

Equation for concentration of OH-

Answer 24

Question 25

List the two hennesen hassleback equations

Answer 25

A- = concentration of conjugate base HA = concentration of weak acid BH+ = concentration of conjugate acid B = concentration of weak base

Question 26

Define buffer capacity

Answer 26

The amount of acid or base added to 1dm^3 of buffer solution to decrease or increase the pH by one unit

Question 27

Does diluting a buffer solution change its pH?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

What does diluting a buffer solution do

Answer 28

lowers its buffer capacity