Reading and maths development Flashcards
(40 cards)
why is reading and maths development so essential
maths is important beyond stem programs, careers
maths attainment is in decline
approximately 24\5 of adults in the uk have numeracy below that needed to function in everyday life
what important maths skills do we learn
non-symbolic number
learning count list
symbolic number
arithmetic operations
rational numbers
algebra
innate number sense
several researchers will argue that humans are born with the ability to reason mathematically
approximate number system
our minds come equipped with a rich and flexible sense of number
starkey and cooper - non symbolic number in infancy
used habituations
infants habituated to arrays containing a particular number of dots then presented a post habituation array containing different number of dots
results
showed that dishabituation occured for small not large condition
concluded that infants recognise a change in number and that infants are subsitising for small nymber condition
what did vynn find
found that infants can add and subtract
how did wakeley dispute wynns theory
babies were unable to replicate across all conditions - suggesting that wynns theory was not absolutely accurate
what is symbolic number mapping - and what forms are they in?
symbolic numbers are abstract and exact representations of numeoristy
typically in two forms, number words and arabic digits.
what is rote counting
reciting the number words in sequence.
number word acquisition
children learn the count sequence by rote before understanding the numerical meaning of number words and arabic numerals
name all the counting principles.
- the one to one principle.
- the stable order principle.
- the abstraction principle.
- the order irrelevance principle.
- the cardinality principle.
one to one principle.
each object can only be counted once
each number word has to be paired with one and only one object
each object can only be paired with one number word
all objects are paired with a number word
stable order principle
number words are recited in a fixed order
abstraction principle
order in which objects are counted does not matter
each order leads to same result
order irrelevance principle
order in which objects are counted does not matter
each order leads to the same result
cardinality principle
last number in the count sequence also describes how many objects there are in the total set
Not only describes the order of the object but also the quantity of the whole set.
arabic digit acquisition
children acquire the meaning of arabic digits slightly later than the meaning of number words
correlated with the onset of schooling
children learn to write the numbers and connect the number names with written symbols.
ordinality
the relation between items in a sequence
ways to assess ordinality
number ordering task
order judgement task
what did the meta-analysis by duncan et al show about early b=numeracy in relation to development
early maths skills were a strong predictor of later maths skills
early maths skills predict childrens later reading skills
early maths - stronger predictor of later academic performance
numeracy skills are important for life outcomes
quantitative skills
early numeracy skills of quantifying, labelling, comparing and manipulating sets
how are these early quantitiative skills measured
subitizing
non-symbolic arithmatic
counting
estimation
number comparison
subitizing
quickly determining the number of items in a small set without counting
subitising in preschool/kindergarten predicted mathematic outcomes 2 years later
