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microbiology exam 4 > Readings > Flashcards

Readings Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the etiology of Lyme disease?

A

Organism is Borrelia burgdorferi

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2
Q

What is the transmission of Lyme disease?

A

Transmitted by hard ticks from genus Ixodes

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3
Q

What is the morbidity of Lyme disease?

A

30,000 cases per year

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4
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

EARLY TREATMENT
tetracycline and amoxicillin
LATE TREATMENT
ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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5
Q

What is the vector for epidemic typhus? What treatment is recommended?

A 
Body louse (lice)
tetracycline
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6
Q

What is the vector for endemic typhus? What treatment is recommended?

A

Fleas on rats

tetracycline

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7
Q

What is the vector for scrub typhus? What treatment is recommended?

A

mites on mice

tetracycline

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8
Q

What is the vector for rocky mountain spotted fever? What treatment is recommended?

A 
Ticks
tetracycline (doxycycline) for 1 week
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9
Q

What is the vector for cat-scratch disease? What treatment is recommended?

A

cats

azithromycin

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10
Q

How is Q fever transmitted to humans? What treatment is recommended?

A

milk and ticks

tetracycline

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11
Q

What is the etiology of ocular trachoma?

What is the recommended treatment?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

erythromycin

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Inclusion conjunctivitis?

What is the recommended treatment?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

erythromycin

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

What is the recommended treatment?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

tetracyline and azithromycin

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Ornithosis?

What is the recommended treatment?

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

tetracycline or erythromycin

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15
Q

What is variola?

A

Virus which causes smallpox

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16
Q

Describe the morbidity and mortality of variola?

A

eradicated throughout the world
WAS one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases
Variola major was highly contageous

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17
Q

What are the current vaccination recommendations for variola?

A

a single drop of vaccina virus punctured into the skin with a double pronged needle

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18
Q

What is the basic structure of influenza?

[RNA or DNA, single or double stranded, envelope?]

A

RNA
Single stranded
Envelope

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19
Q

What is Hemagglutinin?

A

a type of gylcoprotein spike
associated with H1, H2, H3
clumps (agglutinats) red blood cells
most important virulence factor because it is needed to bind to the respiratory mucosal receptors and allow the virus to enter

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20
Q

What is neuraminidase?

A

a type of gylcoprotein spike
associated with N1 and N2
an enzyme which breaks down respiratory mucus, keeps viruses from sticking together, and assists in fusion to and budding from the host cell

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21
Q

What is the transmission of influenza?

A

inhalation of aerosols and droplets
can live on fomites for 24 hours
contact with poultry and swine

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22
Q

What is the treatment of influenza?

A 
INFLUENZA A
amantadine
rimantadine
zanamivir (Relenza)
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
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23
Q

What is the prevention against influenza?

A

annual vaccination or use of FluMist

24
Q

What is epidemic parotitis?

A

Mumps
caused by Paramyxovirus
causes painful swelling at the angle of the jaw

25
Q

What are the complications of epidemic parotitis?

A

in 20-30% of young males experience a mumps infection in the epididymis and testis. Painful but does not cause sterility

26
Q

What is the treatment for epidemic parotitis?

A

treatment of symptoms (fever, dehydration, pain)

Vaccine is available (MMR)

27
Q

How long is rabies incubated?

A

1-2 months

28
Q

What is the difference between furious and dumb rabies?

A

FURIOUS PHASE
agitation, disorientation, seizures, twitching
muscle spasms (esp. in throat)- leads to hydrophobia (fear of water)
coherent and alert
DUMB PHASE
not hyperactive- paralyzed, disoriented, stuperous

29
Q

What is HRIG?

A

human rabies immune globulin

initially the wound is infused with this to impede the spread of the virus and the globulin provides systemic protection

30
Q

What is HDCV?

A

human diploid cell vaccine
the vaccine of choice against rabies
contains inactivated virus
injections on day 1, 3, 7, 14

31
Q

What is rubeola?

A

virus which causes measles

aka Morbillivirus

32
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A

oral lesions associated with measles

33
Q

What is the transmission of measles?

A

respiratory aerosols

34
Q

What is the prevention against measles?

A

vaccine- MMR for babies, booster for kids, Meruvax (antigens) for adults

35
Q

What kind of mold is Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

dimorphic

36
Q

What is the principal treatment for histoplasmosis?

A

undetected or mild cases resolve on their own

chronic or disseminated calls for amphotericin B

37
Q

What is the causative agent of tinea pedis?

A

Trichospron beigelii

38
Q

What is thrush?

A

caused by Candida albicans
white, patchy infection affecting mouth and throat
found in very young and very old

39
Q

What is vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

yeast infections
occurs with the disruption of natural flora in the vagina
can infect neonates during vaginal birth and male partners during sex

40
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

candidal (fungal) attack of nails and skin

41
Q

What is cutaneous candidiasis?

A

complicates burns

42
Q

What is the importance of Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci?

A

aka PCP

most frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

43
Q

What is Aspergillosis?

A

opportunistic fungal infection

infects the lungs

44
Q

What is zygomycosis?

A

sprobic fungi

can infect the very ill, malnurished, or those with skin damage

45
Q

What is the etiology of Amebiasis?

Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

amoeboid

46
Q

What is the etiology of Balantidiosis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Balantidium coli

cilliated

47
Q

What is the etiology of Giardiasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Giardia lamblia

flagellated

48
Q

What is the etiology of Trichmoniasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

flagellated

49
Q

What is the etiology of Trypanosomiasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Trypanosoma brucei AND Trypanosoma cruzi

flagellated

50
Q

What is the etiology of Malaria? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Plasmodium vivax AND Plasmodium falciparum AND Plasmodium malariae
aminocomplexan

51
Q

What is the etiology of Toxoplasmosis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

apicomplexan

52
Q

What is the difference between the intermediate and definitive hosts?

A

intermediate host- the host in which larval development occurs
definitive host- adulthood and mating occurs in this host

53
Q

What is the etiology of Ascariasis?

Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

nematodes (round worms)

54
Q

What is the etiology of Schistosomiasis (blood fluke)?

Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

A

Schistosoma japonicum AND Schistosoma mansoni AND Schistosoma haematobium
trematodes (flukes)

55
Q

What is the etiology of Beef tape worm?

Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

A

Taenia saginata

Cestodes (tape worms)

56
Q

For which helmenthes infections are mebendazole used for? Which used praziquantel?

A

MEBENDAZOLE
ascariasis
PRAZIQUANTEL
flukes (schistosomiasis) and tapeworms

57
Q

Which leukocytes are most effective against helminthes?

A

eosinophils- grannular leukocytes

microbiology exam 4 (10 decks)

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