REAGENT PREPARATION

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Mixture of substances

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

Substance that dissolves

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

Substance that dissolves solute

- usually water

Question 4

Dilute solutions

Answer 4

Has small portion of solute in solution

Question 5

Concentrated solutions

Answer 5

Contains large portion of solute in solution

Question 6

Diluent

Answer 6

Agent that dilutes a fluid

Question 7

Dilution

Answer 7

Adding diluent to change a concentration of a solution to a lower concentration

Question 8

What is the most common solvent in clinical labs?

Answer 8

water

Question 9

What water purity has the best quality (minimum impurities)?

Answer 9

Type I

Question 9

What type of water is used to prepare for chemical testing, preparation of reagents, and controls?

Answer 9

Type I

Question 10

What water purity is “good” quality and used for preparing solutions?

Answer 10

Type II

Question 11

What type of water purity has the lowest quality?

Answer 11

Type III

Question 12

How is type I and type II water?

Answer 12

Type III water

Question 13

How is the purity of water determined?

Answer 13

The amount of electrical resistance

Question 14

How is water purity measured?

Answer 14

Mega ohms

Question 15

What type of water has higher electrical resistance and why?

Answer 15

Water that is purer as it has less dissolved particles.

Question 16

What is the five steps of water purification?

Answer 16

1. Distillation
2. Deionization
3. Reverse osmosis
4. Carbon absorption
5. Filtration

Question 17

What grade of chemicals have the highest purity?

Answer 17

Analytical and reagent

Question 18

Commercial grade chemicals have ___ degree of impurities.

Answer 18

High

Question 19

What is the procedure that’s “diluting up to the final volume”?

Answer 19

% weight per volume

Question 20

What procedure is referred to as “diluting to volume”?

Answer 20

% volume per volume

Question 21

What is Avogadro’s number?

Answer 21

6.022 x 10^23

Question 22

How do you find molarity of a solution?

Answer 22

It’s then # of mols of solute per litre of solution (mol/L = M)

Question 23

What is normality?

Answer 23

It is the unit of concentration describing acids and bases; number of moles equivalent to hydrogen or hydroxide ion per litre of solution

Question 24

Caustic reagent is added TO the water. (T/F)

Answer 24

True

Question 25

WHMIS is just provincially legislated. (T/F)

Answer 25

False — also federally legislated

Question 26

What is the four primary components of WHMIS?

Answer 26

1. Hazard identification and classification 2. Safety data sheet (SDS) 3. Labelling 4. Worker education

Question 27

What are the two hazard groups that classifies hazardous substances?

Answer 27

Physical hazards and health hazards

Question 28

Hazard categories are numbered from 1 to 4. Which is the least and which is the most hazardous?

Answer 28

``` 1 = most 4 = least ```

Question 29

How many classes are within the physical hazard group?

Answer 29

19 classes

Question 30

How many classes are within the health hazard group?

Answer 30

12 classes

Question 31

What are some examples of what’s considered a health hazard effect?

Answer 31

Skin irritation, carcinogenicity and toxicity

Question 32

What are examples of effects of physical and chemical properties?

Answer 32

Flammability and reactivity

Question 33

What 16 headings are included in the SDS?

Answer 33

Identification, hazard identification, composition, first aid measures, fire fighting measures, accidental release measures, handling and storage, exposure control/personal protection, physical and chemical properties, stability and reactivity, toxicological info, *ecological info, *disposal considerations, *transport info, *regulatory info, *other info

Question 34

What is found on supplier labels?

Answer 34

1. Product identifier 2. Pictogram 3. Signal word (danger or warning) 4. Hazard statements (fatal, toxic, harmful) 5. Precautionary statements 6. Supplier identifier

Question 35

When is a complete workplace label not required? | *but labeling of the container being use is a must

Answer 35

- product poured into a container for immediate use | - product is in the control of the person who aliquoted it

Question 36

What is needed on a workplace label at SAIT?

Answer 36

Concentration of the product (matching SDS name) PPE instructions + pictogram SDS available Who and when was it prepared

Question 37

How do you properly transport compressed gas?

Answer 37

- removing the regulator and putting on the protection cap - use of a trolley and safety straps - no striking of tanks

Question 38

What is the flammability range?

Answer 38

Range of vapour concentration per amount of air which the mixture will burn

Question 39

How is the flammability range expressed?

Answer 39

Vapour concentration/O2 concentration

Question 40

If a mixture is “too rich”, why will it not burn?

Answer 40

Because the concentration of oxygen is too low, therefore, it won’t ignite

Question 41

What is a flash point?

Answer 41

the lowest temperature at which liquid gives off vapour near the surface to form a flammable mixture with the air

Question 42

lower the flash point, the ____ the danger

Answer 42

greater

Question 43

what is the flash point for ether?

Answer 43

-45c

Question 44

what is the flash point for acetone?

Answer 44

-20c

Question 45

what is the flash point of toluene?

Answer 45

-4c

Question 46

what is the flash point of alcohol?

Answer 46

+12c

Question 47

what is the flash point of xylol?

Answer 47

+25c

Question 48

What kind of fire extinguishers do you use for flammable liquids?

Answer 48

extinguished with a CO2 or ABC fire extinguisher

Question 49

What are some examples of acids that are corrosive?

Answer 49

- hydrochloric acid (HCl) - sulfuric acid (H2SO4) - nitric acid (HNO3) - glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Question 50

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 50

- sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - Potassium hydroxide (KOH) - ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) - sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)

Question 51

What's the difference between LD50 and LC50?

Answer 51

LD50 = dose = quantity of the substance expected to cause death LC50 = concentration = concentration of substance in air that when inhaled over a period of time to cause death of 50% of an animal population

Question 52

What is LD50 measured in? LC50?

Answer 52

``` LD = mg (or g) per kg of animal body weight LC = units of parts per million or mg/M^3 ```

Question 53

How can toxic substances enter the body?

Answer 53

- inhalation, ingestion and absorption through the skin

Question 54

What does threshold limit value (TLV) and permissible exposure limit (PEL) mean?

Answer 54

it indicates the maximum limit of exposure to an air contaminant

Question 55

What are the three ways that TLV/PEL can be expressed?

Answer 55

1. 8-hour TWA (time-weighted average) 2. STEL (short term exposure limit) 3. Ceiling limit

Question 56

Risk of handling chemicals _____ to the length and frequency of exposure as well as the concentration of the chemical.

Answer 56

proportional

Question 57

What does 8-hour TWA indicate?

Answer 57

average concentration over 8 hours and its condition to show that worker are exposed repeatedly to these environments without adverse health effects

Question 58

What does STEL indicate?

Answer 58

the max concentration that workers can be exposed to something for up to 15 minutes without adverse health effects

Question 59

What does ceiling limit indicate?

Answer 59

concentration of airborne substances that can't be exceeded | - applied to many chemicals with acute toxic effects

Question 60

how is hydrocyanic acid vapours formed?

Answer 60

by mixing solutions that contain cyanide with acids

Question 61

What are the four chemicals commonly used in a lab?

Answer 61

- acetone - formaldehyde - methanol - xylene