Reagents & Conditions

Question 1

Alkene > Alkane

Answer 1

H2 (g)
150 degrees
5 atmospheres
Ni Catalyst

Question 2

Alkene > Halogenoalkane

Answer 2

HBr (aq)

Room Temp

Question 3

Alkene > Alcohol

Answer 3

Water

Conc. H2SO4

Question 4

Alkane > Halogenoalkane

Answer 4

Br2

Sunlight or UV

Question 5

Halogenoalkane > Primary Alcohol

Answer 5

NaOH (aq)

Heat Under Reflux

Question 6

Alcohol > Alkene

Answer 6

Al2O3 (s)

300 degrees

Question 7

Alcohol > Halogenoalkane

Answer 7

NaBr (s)
Conc. H2SO4
Heat Under Reflux

Question 8

Alcohol > Ether (R-O-R)

Answer 8

R-OH

Moderately Concentrated H2SO4

Question 9

Alcohol > Aldehyde (R-CHO)

Answer 9

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

Distil

Question 10

Alcohol > Ketone (R-CO-R)

Answer 10

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

Heat Under Reflux

Question 11

Ketone > Alcohol

Answer 11

NaBH4 (aq)

Question 12

Halogenoalkane > Secondary Alcohol

Answer 12

NaOH (aq)

Question 13

Halogenoalkane > Nitrile

R-CH2-CN

Answer 13

NaCN in aqueous ethanol solution

Heat Under Reflux

Question 14

Nitrile (R-CH2-CN) > Carboxylic Acid

Answer 14

Dilute HCl

Heat Under Reflux

Question 15

Aldehyde > Alcohol

Answer 15

NaBH4 (aq)

Question 16

Aldehyde > Carboxylic Acid

Answer 16

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

Heat Under Reflux

Question 17

Carboxylic Acid (or Alcohol) > Ester

Answer 17

R-OH
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Heat Under Reflux

Question 18

Breaking an Ester

Answer 18

Moderately Concentrated HCl

Heat Under Reflux

Question 19

Acyl Chloride > Ester

Answer 19

R-OH

Room Temp

Question 20

Acyl Chloride > Primary Amide (R-CONH2)

Answer 20

Conc. NH3

Room Temperature

Question 21

Acyl Chloride > Secondary Amide (R-CONH-R)

Answer 21

R-NH2

Room Temp

Question 22

Carboxylic Acid > Acyl Chloride

Answer 22

SCl2O

Heat Under Reflux

Question 23

Breaking an Amide (protein)

Answer 23

Moderately Concentrated HCl

Heat under reflux

Question 24

Bromination of Benzene

Answer 24

Benzene + Br2 –> Bromobenzene + HBr

FeBr3 catalyst

Question 25

Chlorination of Benzene

Answer 25

Benzene + Cl2 ---> Chlorobenzene + HCl (misty fumes) | AlCl3 catalyst

Question 26

Nitration of Benzene

Answer 26

* Step 1: conc HNO3 + conc 2H2SO4 ---> NO2+ + 2HSO4- + H30+ * Step 2: Benzene + NO2+ ---> Nitrobenzene + H+ (Below 55 degrees)

Question 27

Sulfonation of Benzene

Answer 27

Benzene + conc H2SO4 ---> Benzene Sulfonic acid (SO3H)+ HSO4- + H2O Heat Under Reflux for Hours

Question 28

Alkylation of Benzene

Answer 28

Benzene + Chloroalkane ---> Alkylbenzene + H+ AlCl3 catalyst Heat Under Reflux

Question 29

Acylation of Benzene

Answer 29

Benzene + AcylChloride ---> Phenylmethanal + HCl AlCl3 catalyst Heat Under Reflux

Question 30

Making an Azo-Dye

Answer 30

•Making salt: Phenylamine + HCl/NaNO3 ---> Benzenediazonium •Making Dye: Benzenediazonium + Phenol + NaOH ---> Azo-Dye + H2O + NaCl Under 5 degrees