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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > RECALL_MTAP > Flashcards

RECALL_MTAP Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

O antigen

heat stable/heat labile?

A

heat stable

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2
Q

4 shapes of bacterial cell

A

round: cocci
rod-shaped: bacilli
spiral: spirilla
comma: (Vibrios)

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3
Q

gives shape, rigidity and protection in bacteria

A

cell wall

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4
Q

antigenic structures in cell wall

A

O antigen

M protein

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5
Q

M protein is encountered in what bacteria

A

S. pyogenes

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6
Q

M protein is anti-phagocytic/phagocytic

A

anti-phagocytic

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7
Q

M protein is important in what function of bacteria

A

sequelae

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8
Q

T/F:

cell wall is important in staining

A

TRUE

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9
Q

main component of cell walls of bacteria

A

murein/peptidoglycan layer

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10
Q

Murein is composed of __________.

A

sugar (disaccharides)
NAG and NAM

Peptides (made up of amino acids)

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11
Q

What part of the murein layer are amino acids attached

A

NAM

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12
Q

T/F:

Cell wall can be a basis of differentiation for gram(+) and gram (-) bacteria

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Features of gram (+) cell wall

A

thick murein layer

interspersed teichoic acid

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14
Q

types of teichoic acid

A

membrane lipoteichoic acid

cell wall teichoic acid

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15
Q

features of gram (-) cell wall

A

thin murein layer

outer membrane where lipid-rich components are found

presence of porin channels

periplasmic space

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16
Q

possible lipid-rich components of a gram (-) outer membrane

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

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17
Q

LPS in gram (-) bacteria is composed of:

A

From top to bottom:

Somatic antigen

Core polysaccharide

Lipid A - with endotoxin

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18
Q

T/F:

Endotoxin is found in gram (+) bacteria

A

FALSE

Only in gram neg.

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19
Q

What distinguishes LPS from LOS?

A

presence of O antigen

LOS has no O antigen

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20
Q

what does a periplasmic space contain?

A

metabolic enzymes

e.g., B-lactamase

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21
Q

Aside from Gr+ and Gr- cell wall, what are other types of cell wall that may be encountered in bacteria?

A

acid fast cell wall

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22
Q

Acid fast organisms are technically (Gr+, Gr-)

A

Gr+

Ex:
Mycobacterium in gram stain: WEAKLY Gr+

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23
Q

What is unique in acid fast cell wall?

A

presence of mycolic acids

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24
Q

Characteristic of mycolic acid

A

lipid or waxy

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25
Demonstration of acid fast organisms may be done through ________.
Acid fast staining Fluorescent staining: (for more sensitive testing)
26
Fluorescent staining for detection of acid fast organisms
Rhodamine Auramine
27
Difference of capsule and glycocalyx
Capsule: more organized; firmly attached to cell wall of some bacteria Glycocalyx: less organized; slimy layer
28
Antigens present in capsule
K antigen | Vi antigen
29
K antigen is heat (stable/labile).
labile
30
Vi antigen is specifically found in what bacteria
Salmonella typhi.
31
Types of bacterial capsule
Polysaccharide-containing Polypeptide D-glutamic acid Hyaluronic acid capsule Polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule
32
Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing capsules
S. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae N. meningitidis
33
Bacteria with polypeptide d glutamic acid capsule
B. anthracis
34
Bacteria with hyaluronic acid capsule
P. multocida
35
Bacteria with PRP capsule
H. influenzae (serotype B)
36
Stains for bacterial capsule
India ink Nigrosin Mucicarmine
37
Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing glycocalyx
S. mutans
38
Colonial characteristic of a capsulated organism
Mucoid/slimy colony
39
How do capsulated organisms appear on gram stain
halo-like appearance
40
Stain for capsulated organism where halo-like appearance is seen
Gram stain
41
Stain for capsulated organism where capsule appears pink
mucicarmine
42
Capsules under mucicarmine stain appear as _________.
pink
43
bacterial structure for attachment or gene transfer
Pili/Fimbriae
44
Types of bacterial pili
Somatic Sex
45
Pili for gene transfer
Sex pili
46
Pili for attachment
Somatic/Fimbriae
47
Somatic pili is also referred to as
Fimbriae
48
T/F: Pili/fimbriae are non-motile structures.
TRUE
49
Bacterial inclusion bodies or granules that serve as food reserves
Metachromatic granules/Babes ernst granules | Volutin
50
Metachromatic granules are primarily found in what bacteria
Corynebacterium
51
Stains to demonstrate volutin granules
Loeffler's alkaline methylene blue (LAMB) Albert Neisser
52
Glycogen containing inclusion body in bacteria which is seen in C. trachomatis
Halberstaedter Prowazek
53
Stain for glycogen containing inclusion bodies or Halberstaedter Prowazek
Iodine
54
Lipid-rich granules found in M. tuberculosis
Much granules
55
Much granules are found in what bacteria
M. tuberculosis
56
Bipolar bodies are found in what bacteria
Y. pestis | P. multocida
57
Special stain for bipolar bodies
Wayson's stain
58
Y. pestis has a _________ appearance for bipolar bodies
Safety-pin
59
Main component of endospores
Dipicolinic acid or Calcium dipicolinate
60
Endospores are primarily found in what type of bacteria
Spore-forming bacteria | Bacillus - aerobic; Clostridium - anaerobic
61
Spores are colored ___________ in Gram stain
colorless Spores cannot be stained.
62
Special stain for spores.
Fulton Schaeffer Dorner's
63
Spores appear in what colors in Fulton Schaeffer
Spore: green Bacterial cell: red

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (3 decks)

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