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MRCOG part 1 > Recalls 7 > Flashcards

Recalls 7 Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the blood supply to the:
- Ovary
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Upper 1/3 vagina
- Lower 2/3 vagina

A

Ovary = ovarian artery
Tubes = ovarian artery
Uterus = uterine artery
Cervix =
Upper 1/3 vagina = mainly from uterine
Lower 2/3 vagina = mainly from vaginal artery and internal pudendal

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3
Q

What is the protective layer for the graffian follicle

A

The zona pellucida.

The coronaratiata provides nutrient support

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4
Q

Which ligaments are commonly used for colposuspension in vaginal vault prolapse?

A

Cardinal and uterosacral - fixed to the sacrum

Then I think sacrospinous is used for anterior or posterior wall prolapse

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5
Q

what level does the aorta bifurcate? And the common iliacs?

A

Both L4

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6
Q

What is the dimpling of the buttocks formed by

A

Posterior superior iliac spine

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7
Q

What gestation can umbilical hernias be diagnosed?

A

12-14 weeks

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8
Q

What is the pubocervical fascia

A

Connects pubis to cervix but gigves structural support for the bladder.

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9
Q

Which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT

A

5a reductase

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10
Q

Which hormone is responsible for glucose metabolism in the fetus

A

HPL

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11
Q

Percentage of worldwide congeital uterine abnormalities

A

3-6%

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12
Q

Iliacus muscle

Describe the route?

Function?

Innervation?

A

THE GREEN ONE

Attches to the ileum and lesser trochanter of the femur

Flexes the hip

Femoral nerve

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13
Q

What is the main mechanism by which glucagon increases glucose in blood

A

Increase in hepatic glycogenolysis

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14
Q

What is the precursor for vitamin K

A

K3

Menadione

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15
Q

Blood test for haemolytic anaemia in pregnancy

A

FBC

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16
Q

How does DMPA aka Depo work

A

Inhibits ovulation

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17
Q

Which cancers increase risk or decrease risk with breast feeding?

What about with taking the COCP?

A

Increase:
- Cervical

Decrease:
- Ovarian
- Endometrial
- Breast

With COCP:

Increase:
- cervical
- breast

Decrease:
- Ovarian
- Endometrial
- Colorectal

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18
Q

What colours do alpha haemolytic and beta haemolytic strep appear on an agar plate

A

Alpha - Green with haemolysis

Beta - Clear with complete haemolysis

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19
Q

Which neurotransmitted is inhibited by atropine

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Where are Brunners glands located

A

Duodenum

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21
Q

Metabilic process making ATP for uterine contractions

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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22
Q

From what compound are eicosanoids derived from?

What are eicosanoids?

What is the pathway for creation of prostaglandins

A

Arachidonic acid

They are stuff like ILs, thromboxane and prostaglandins

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23
Q

How many carbon atoms are in oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

A

O - 18

T - 19

P - 21

OTP - 181921

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24
Q

What is the make up of entonox

A

50:50

O2 and NO

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25
Which antiemetics can lead to high prolactin
Metoclopramide Domperidone
26
What is the teratogenic effect of paroxetine
heart defects
27
What is the action of botox
Inhibit acetylcholine release
28
What is the mechanism of action of TXA
Antifibrinolytic
29
How does azathioprine work
Inhibits RNA synthesis
30
Which cancer has keratin pearls
SCC
31
How do you work out the number needed to treat
1/absolute risk ratio ARR = risk in control - risk in treatment group
32
What is this and what do the corners represent
33
What transducer is required for obese patient vs non obese patients
2.5 mHz rather than 5 Mhz in normal LOW FREQUENCY TRAVELS FURTHER
34
How much oestrogen binds to SHBG How much testosterone binds to SHBG
Oestrogen: 20-40% (say 20% in exam) to SHBG 60% to Albumin <1% free Testosterone 60% to SHBG 30% to Albumin 1% free
35
Which vitamin is required for DNA synthesis
Folic acid - vitamin B9
36
Which vitamin causes homocysteine deficiency
Folic acid But also B12 and B6
37
When is peak plasma volumne in pregnancy
32 weeks and plateau until delivery
38
Pre-eclampsia in first pregnancy - what is risk with second pregnancy
20%
39
With GDM. what is risk of T2DM
10x risk ?approx 20%
40
Treatment gonnorhoea with: No PID PID Pregnancy no PID Pregnancy PID
No PID - 1g IM cef PID - 1g IM cef + doxy + met Pregnancy no PID - 1g IM cef Pregnancy PID - 1g IM cef with azithromycin + metronidazole
41
How do the following drugs work: - Metronidazole - Clindamycin - Fluconazole
- Metronidazole - damages DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis - Clindamycin - 50s subunit ribosomes - Fluconazole - cell membrane disruption
42
Where are germ cells found at 4 weeks
?YS
43
What is the oncogene for Lynch syndrome aka HNPCC
MLH1 or MSH2
44
Give examples of 2nd and 3rd generation progesterones
2nd: levonorgestrel 3rd: Desogestrel Dinoprostone
45
In PCOS why is prolactin high What is high in PCOS
Due to high oestrogen High testosterone Also high oestrogen, this is why there is increase risk of endometrial Ca and ovarian cancer
46
How does pseudomonas appear on macconey agar
Colourless
47
What is prophylaxis of malaria in 2nd and 3rd trimester
Mefloquin
48
What is the most common non-epithelial vaginal cancer
Rhabomyosarcoma. Most often in children or teens
49
What is the structure between the paravesicle and pararectal spaces
Cardinal ligament
50
What atom is used in MRI
Hydrogen nucleus
51
What is the unit of diathermy power
Watt
52
what is the cut off level for fibronectin in screening from preterm labour
50ng
53
What is the rate of recurrence of ectopic pregnancy
18%
54
Which ions are used for iodine transport
Na If NA not available, then iodine is also exchanged for Cl-
55
What are the maximum doses of lidocaine or L+adrenaline
Lidocaine 3mg/kg Lidocaine + adrenaline 7mg/kg
56
Method of action of doxazocin
Alpha blocker
57
What is the method of action of trimethoprim
Dihydrofolatereductase inhibitor Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
58
Where is the locaiton which determines sex
SRY gene on the SHORT arm of chromosome Y
59
Where does most of the ejaculate come from in males
70% seminal vesicles 30% prostate 1% bulbourethral glands
60
What is the dose from a CTPA to breast tissue
20mGy
61
Where does the appendix of the testes come from
Paramesonephric ducts
62
What is it called if >95% of sperm in sample have abnormal shape
Teratospermia
63
What is recurrent implantation failure due to an increase in? HLA A HLA B HLA C HLA E HLA G
HLA G
64
Where are the germs cells located at: 4 5 6 weeks
4 - move from the yolk sac to hindgut epithelium 5 - in the primative streak 6 - in the gonads
65
What are the half lives of: LH FSH HCG
LH - 20 minutes FSH - 3 hours HCG - 24 hours
66
Which test to check for fetal haemolysis
INDIRECT - MUM's blood during pregnancy - checks for rh type of ABO incompatability DIRECT - BABY's blood with cord bloods - detects for antibodies attached to RBCs and signs of haemolysis
67
What does the lower 2/3 of the vagina develop from
Endoderm -> urogenital sinus --> sinovaginal bulb --> vagina
68
How can USS cause damage
Cavitation - creating small bubbles. More at risk with lower frequencies
69
lymph node drainage of cervix and upper vagina 1/3
Internal/external iliac nodes
70
What is it called when there is a benign change in the endometrium in response to hormones that can sometimes be confused for clear call carcinoma
Aria Stella
71
What effect do granulosa cell tumours have on the endmetrium what are the tumour markers
They increse the oestrogen so cause a proliferative endometrium, Tumour marker - inhibin, aMH, oestradiol
72
In pregnancy when is the maximum level of progesterone
Term
73
Primary stimulator of Aldosterone in RAAS
Angiotensin 2
74
Percentage of T3 and T4 unbound in the blood
T3 - 0.3% T4 - 0.03%
75
What is transcription? What enzyme does it require
turning DNA into RNA RNA polymerase
76
If a man has congenital absence of the vas deferens, what is the likelihood that he will have CF
80%
77
Heat stabiliser in PCR
Taq polymerase
78
How many sperm are produced per day
300 million
79
Biochemistry for kleinfelters
Low testosterone High FSH, high LH, high SHBG
80
Which ovarian cancers are associated with MMR/lynch/HNPCC
CCC or endometroid
81
What si the function of G6Phosphatase
Production of NADHP in RBCs
82
What is the most common uterine sarcoma
Uterine leiomyosarcoma
83
How do peptides get transported across the placenta
Active transpot
84
Where does complement get made
liver
85
Risk of atypical hyperplasia becoming malignant in 10 and 20 years
10 --> 15% 20 --> 30%
86
Which cell carries out phagocytosis and is 2-5% of WBC
eiosinophil
87
Which hormone is responsible for epiphysial fusion
Oestrogen
88
Closure of the neural groove occurs when?
Week 3-4 So day 25

MRCOG part 1 (30 decks)

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