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PHYSIOLOGY > RECALLS (Prelims) - Organization of GIT & Gastric Function > Flashcards

RECALLS (Prelims) - Organization of GIT & Gastric Function Flashcards

1
Q

Amylase is found in the ff EXCEPT:

A

Stomach

  • mouth - salivary amylase
    pancreas - pancreatic amylase,
    duodenum - agihanan daw ug enzyme
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2
Q

Somatostatin source

A

D cell in antrum

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3
Q

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) source

A

K cells in duodenum

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4
Q

D cells in the corpus of stomach are triggered by:

A

NEURAL and HORMONAL mechanisms

*ANTRAL D CELLS: low intralluminal pH

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5
Q

Basal luminal pH

A

4-6

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6
Q

Initiate protein digestion by hydrolyzing specific peptide linkages

A

Chief Cells

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7
Q

Inhibit both gastrin release and parietal cell acid secretion

A

Somatostatin

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8
Q

Emptying of solids is regulated

A

Antral smooth muscles

  • Liquids: proximal part
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9
Q

The key step in gastric acid secretion

A

Extrusion of H ion in exchange for K ion

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10
Q

The following are the function of secretin, EXCEPT:

a. Inhibition of antral gastrin release
b. Stimulation of somatostatin release
c. Direct down-regulation of parietal; cell H ion
secretory process
d. Inhibition of gastrin release in the corpus

A

Inhibition of Gastrin release in the corpus

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11
Q

What phase accounts for the largest gastrin release

A

Gastric Phase ​

  • 50%-60% total gastric acid secretion
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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The chief cells and mucous cells secrete pepsinogens

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Regulates the movement of contents of the common bile duct into the duodenum

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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14
Q

The following are true, EXCEPT:

A

The ENS cannot operate without the CNS

  • ​ENS is a complete reflex
    circuit and can operate totally within GI tract without participation of either spinal cord or cephalic brain
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15
Q

The following are true regarding GALT

A. Permit immunologic tolerance
B. Consists of both organized aggregates of lymphoid tissue
C. Diffuse populations of immune cells
D. All of the Above

A

D. All of the Above

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16
Q

Absorptagogues

A

Glucocorticoids

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17
Q

Enterochromaffin-like cells release

A

Histamine

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18
Q

When you feel anger and fear why is there slow digestion?

A

Sympathetic fibers also supply the postganglionic part of digestion

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19
Q

During Chronic Gastritis when Parietal cells are damaged what function is impaired:

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

  • Gastric, blood, digestion function: Parietal cells produce IF and HCl
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20
Q

What is the bulk of secretion during basal state

A

Sodium rich

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21
Q

Function of colon

A

Fecal formation

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22
Q

Mixing in the small intestine

A

Segmental contractions

  • DEGLUTITION - SWALLOWING
    MASTICATION - CHEWING
    PROPULSION - WAVE LIKE MOVEMENT
    MASS PERISTALSIS - COLON
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23
Q

If the nerves are damaged what layer is damaged

A

Submucosa

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24
Q

Direct and indirectly stimulates gastric acid secretion, EXCEPT:

A

Histamine

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25
Parasympathetic effect on GIT, EXCEPT: A. Increased pepsinogen secretion B. Increased acid secretion C. Increased mucus secretion D. No Exception
D. No Exception
26
Peristalsis is by what plexus
Auerbach plexus (Myenteric)
27
Lower Esophageal Sphincter is a __________ muscle that prevents reflux of gastric contents to __________
Smooth | Esophagus
28
Sympathetic fibers act on the internal sphincter, then the muscle of the external sphincter is acted upon by ...
Inhibit defecation
29
Prevent reflux of food from stomach going to esophagus
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
30
TRUE or FALSE Distention of esophagus is PRIMARY PERISTALSIS
FALSE * SECONDARY PERISTALSIS
31
Contractions of the smooth muscles in the tunica muscularis in the GIT causes _________ stimulated by __________ plexus?
Peristalsis | Auerbach's
32
Secretions in Stomach
H+ rich
33
Low Pressure in Stomach even there is | more food
Parietal Cells
34
Pernicious anemia
Parietal Cells
35
Central mechanism of gastric inhibition
Somatostatin
36
When you feel anger & fear, why is there | slow digestion?
Sympathetic fibers also supply the | postganglionic part of the digestion
37
The __________ nervous system stimulates and promotes digestion. a. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic c. Central d. Peripheral
c. Central
38
Primary function of Large Intestine a. Mechanical Digestion b. Chemical Digestion c. Nutrient Absorption d. Fecal Formation
d. Fecal Formation
39
Which is false regarding the ENS? ``` a. It contains interneurons that contains sensory and motor neurons b. It contains enteric sensory and motor neurons c. Local control d. Can’t work without CNS ```
d. Can’t work without CNS
40
Viscous fingering is the mechanism for movement of
Movement of H+/HCl
41
TRUE or FALSE Low pressure in Stomach even when there is food
TRUE
42
Decrease Gastric acid secretion
VIP, CCK, Secretin
43
Blocks secretion of Pancreas
Sphincter of Oddi
44
Motor/Peristalsis
Myenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus
45
Which has a trophic effect? a. CCK b. Secretin c. Gastrin d. VIP
c. Gastrin
46
Stimulation of the internal anal sphincter by the sympathetic NS or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by somatic motor NS a. Stimulates mass movement b. Inhibits mass movement c. Stimulates defecation reflex d. Inhibits defecation reflex
d. Inhibits defecation reflex
47
Enzymes not secreted into: a. Esophagus b. Mouth c. Intestines d. Stomach
a. Esophagus
48
Prevents food from going to Small Intestine
Pyloric Valve
49
Not digested a. Vitamins b. Amino acids c. Carbohydrates
a. Vitamins
50
Increase Gastric acid secretion
Ach, Histamine, Gastrin
51
Free fatty acids & monosaccharides
CCK
52
No amylase
Stomach
53
Enteric Nervous System
Operate totally without participation of brain
54
Effects of gastrin
Acid secretion | Histamine Release
55
Central Nervous System
Controls the GIT function
56
Smooth muscle
Mixing and propulsion
57
Propulsion in Small Intestine
Segmental Contraction
58
True of Secretin
Increase down regulation of H+ | secretion of parietal cell
59
Mechanism in which somatostatin DIRECTLY inhibits | gastric acid secretion
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase
60
TRUE or FALSE <2 mm food is permitted to the duodenum
TRUE
61
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Parietal Cells
62
Stimulation of H-K Pump
Apical Surface
63
Tunica Muscularis
Peristalsis & Auerbach’s Plexus
64
Pyloric Sphincter
Duodenum
65
Cardiac Sphincter
Prevents chyme from going back to the esophagus
66
Motor Sensory on External Anal Sphincter
Delay defecation
67
VIP
Inhibition of intestinal smooth muscle
68
Ach
Contraction & Secretion
69
Prevents the gastric contents from entering the small | intestine
Pyloric valve
70
Which of the following stimulates gastric acid secretion a. Gastrin, ACh, Histamine b. Histamine and Secretin c. Gastrin and Somatostatin d. HIstamine and Somatostatin
a. Gastrin, ACh, Histamine
71
Primary stimulant to peristalsis
Distention of gut
72
2 layers of smooth muscle
inner layer- circular; outer- longitudinal
73
Where is Auerbach’s plexus?
myenteric plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract
74
Problem with Hirschsprung’s disease
aganglionic part in large intestine
75
Problem with achalasia
failure of relaxation of LES
76
Digestion in the brush border enzyme
membrane digestion
77
Fluid load present in small intestine
8-9L/day
78
Ingestion of food initiates responses from endocrine, neural and paracrine. Differentiate the 3
Endocrine- release of transmitter Neural- activation of nerves and neurotransmitters Paracrine- sensor cell release transmitter affecting adjacent cells without entering blood or activating neurons
79
Swallowing center is controlled by what nerve?
CN V, IX, X, XII- trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal

PHYSIOLOGY (6 decks)

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