recap lectures 1

Question 1

It is important to learn about nutrition as a Veterinary Assistant because:
List 4

Answer 1

1) nutrition is critical to the well being of patients
2) VA’s can contribute significantly to client care and patient well being by having nutritional knowledge
3) DVMs often do not have time to discuss nutrition
4) Clients will call seeking advice
5) having knowledge will potentially deter a client from seeking advice elsewhere-like the internet or a pet food store

Question 2

A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life​

T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A macronutrient does not provide energy

T/F

Answer 3

False-the micronutrient does not provide energy

Question 4

What are the micronutrients?

Answer 4

Vitamins and minerals

Question 5

What are the macronutrients?

Answer 5

1. Water – the most important nutrient!​
2. Proteins ​
3. Carbohydrates ​
4. Fats ​

Question 6

Why is water a macronutrient

Answer 6

Water is also a macronutrient in the sense that it is required in large amounts by the body. Although water does not provide energy via calories it is essential to human life.​

Question 7

Water within the cells is necessary for temperature regulation, normal digestion, and many other metabolic processes and chemical reactions​

T/F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

A decrease in the amount of water present in the body is called ______________

Answer 8

dehydration

Question 9

How do animals experience water loss?

3 answers

Answer 9

urination, defecation, respiration

Question 10

Kibble contains what percentage of water on average?

Answer 10

10%

Question 11

How many mls/kg of water does a dog require?

Answer 11

60-80 ml/kg per day

Question 12

Cats require ________ ml/kg of water a day

Answer 12

50

Question 13

What can a change in water consumption be a red flag for?

Answer 13

illness/disease

Question 14

Molly, a 25kg lab should be drinking how much water per day

Answer 14

1500-2000mls - 1.5-2L a day

Question 15

What best describes proteins:
(a) Made up of chains of amino acids
(b Supply nitrogen and amino acids
(c) Primary component of tissues
(e) Not stored in the body
(f) Highly digestible protein is digested in the stomach and intestines
(g) Proteins excreted in the feces have low digestibility
(h) all of the above

Answer 15

(h) all of the above

Question 16

Amino Acids are required to build, repair, and replace body proteins

T/F

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Cats need how many essential amino acids?

Answer 17

11

Question 18

Dogs need how many essential amino acids

Answer 18

10

Question 19

An essential amino acid cannot be synthesized by the body so MUST be included in the diet​

T/F

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Is Taurine a non-essential or essential amino acid in cats? Dogs?​

Answer 20

cats-essential

dogs-non-essential

Question 21

A taurine deficiency in cats was causing cardiac disease as well as retinal degeneration leading to blindness​

T/F

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Function of lipids include: ​

(a) Providing and storing energy​
(b) Making up cell membrane structure​
(c) Acting as signaling agents and hormones​
(d) Forming other compounds such as cholesterol​
(e) all of the above

Answer 22

all of the above

Question 23

Fat deficiency signs​ are:

Delayed wound healing​, dry hair coat and scaly skin and skin infections​

T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Essential dietary fatty acids for dogs and cats include:

Answer 24

Linoleic acid (LA) - Omega 6 EFAs ex. Vegetable oil​

Alpha-linolenic acid – Omega 3 EFAs​

Arachidonic acid (AA) – cats only –Omega 6 EFAs - AA is found in animal but NOT plant sources of fat​

Question 25

By providing enough carbohydrates to the body to meet its energy needs, protein is spared from being used for energy and is available for use in tissue repair and growth​

T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products​

T/F

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Carbohydrates at the cellular level contain what 3 elements?

Answer 27

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen​

Question 28

Cats and dogs have no minimum requirement​ of carbohydrates

T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fibre is used in diets to improve stool quality, to slow intestinal transit time and to aid in satiety and weight loss​

T/F

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What are the two groups vitamins are classified into?

Answer 30

fat-soluble and water soluble

Question 31

Water-soluble means the vitamin is:

Answer 31

excreted with water loss

Question 32

An overdose of (A,D,E,K) can be toxic and harmful due to being stored in fat and in the liver​

T/F

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What type of vitamin is stored in fat and the liver

Answer 33

Fat soluble

Question 34

Essential minerals are divided into what two groups?

Answer 34

macro and micro minerals

Question 35

Twelve minerals are essential for dogs and cats

T/F

Answer 35

True

Question 36

The amount of heat (energy) required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius​ is a k/cal

T/F

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Digestible energy (DE)​ is:
Gross Energy (GE) from food minus energy lost in feces​

T/F

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Metabolizable energy (ME)​ is:
DE minus energy lost in urine and gas​

T/F

Answer 38

True

Question 39

ME is the most common estimate of number of kcals supplied from pet food​

T/F

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Net Energy equals:
ME minus energy used digesting, absorbing and using food​

T/F

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Palatability is Influenced by odor, temperature, texture, mouth-feel (shape of kibble), fat, water, salt​

T/F

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Digestibility is the amount of nutrients in a food available for absorption after consumption​

T/F

Answer 42

True