Recombinant Dna Technology

Question 1

What is recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 1

Allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another and even from one species to another

Question 2

Genes usually put into microorganism cells

Answer 2

Genes which amplify specific metabolic steps or remove inhibitory control – stop increase yield of a product

Genes which cause the cells to secrete the product into the growth medium so it can be easily extracted

Genes which ensure that the microorganisms are unable to survive in the external environment (safety precaution)

Question 3

What is the origin of replication?

Answer 3

Genes which control self replication of plasmid DNA and allows control of existing genes and expression of new Gene added

Question 4

What is DNA ligase ?

Answer 4

Enzyme which seal sticky ends together

Question 5

What is a vector?

Answer 5

Used to carry DNA from the Genome of one organism into another

Question 6

What is the restrictions site?

Answer 6

Short sequence of DNA which restriction endonuclease recognises and cuts

Question 7

What is a marker gene ?

Answer 7

Gene that shows scientists whether the host cell has taken up the vector

Question 8

What is Restriction endonuclease?

Answer 8

Enzyme used to cut open DNA and plasmids

Question 9

What is an artificial chromosome?

Answer 9

Acts as a vector but can carry more DNA than a plasmid

Question 10

What is a recombinant plasmid?

Answer 10

The bacterial plasmid with the inserted DNA added

Question 11

Steps of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 11

E)Extract
S) seal
I) Insert
G) grow
S) Screen 
I) Identified

Every seal in Greenland sees ice

Question 12

Extract step of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 12

DNA extracted from donor organism and cut into many fragments (some with required gene) using endonuclease

Plasmids extracted from any bacterial cells and cleaved open at one site using the same endonuclease

Both have sticky ends

Question 13

Seal state of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 13

DNA fragments sealed into plasmids using ligase

Question 14

Insert step of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 14

Plasmids inserted into host bacterial cells

Question 15

Grow step off recombinant DNA technology

Answer 15

Bacterial host cells are grown on an agar medium containing antibiotic

Question 16

Screen step of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 16

DNA extracted from cell samples of surviving colonies and screened for presence of required gene

Only those cells that have taken up a plasmid survive and grow because the marker gene in this case contains antibiotic resistance

Question 17

Identify step of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 17

This type of reprogrammed bacterium is identified as having the required Gene, it is now propagated and used as a biochemical factory