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Capstone Round 2 > Reference Ranges and Words > Flashcards

Reference Ranges and Words Flashcards

1

1
Q

1

Sodium + fx

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

extracellular fluid control

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2
Q

1

POTassium + fx

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

nerve excitability and acid-base balance

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3
Q

1

Total Calcium + fx

A

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

musculo/skeletal/neuro/cardiovascular function

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4
Q

1

Magnesium + fx

A

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

Muscle contractions and blood coagulation

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5
Q

1

PHOsphorus

A

3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

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6
Q

1

BUN

A

10 - 20 mg/dL

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7
Q

1

Creatinine (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL♀ 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL

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8
Q

1

Glucose

A

70 - 105 mg/dL

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9
Q

1

HgbA1c

A

↓ 6.5%

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10
Q

1

WBC

A

5,000 - 10,000/mm^3

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11
Q

1

RBC (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 4.6 - 6.1 milion/mm^3♀ 4.2 - 5.4 million/mm^3

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12
Q

1

Hgb (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 14-18g/100mL♀ 12 - 16 g/100mL

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13
Q

1

Hct (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 42 - 52%♀ 37 - 47%

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14
Q

1

Platlets

A

150,000 - 400,000/mm^3

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15
Q

1

pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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16
Q

1

pCO2

A

35 - 45 mm Hg

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17
Q

1

pO2

A

80 - 100 mm Hg

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18
Q

1

HCO3 + fx

A

21 - 26 mmol/Lmaintains blood pH to prevent metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

1

Normal PT

A

11 - 12.5 sec

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20
Q

1

Normal/Therapeutic INR

A

0.7 - 1.8 2 - 3

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21
Q

1

Normal/Therapeutic PTT

A

30 - 40 sec 1.5 - 2x normal control

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22
Q

1

Digoxin

A

0.5 - 2.0 ng/mL

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23
Q

1

Lithium

A

0.8 - 1.4 mEq/L

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24
Q

1

Dilantin

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

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25
# 1 Theophylline 4 S/S Toxicity
10 - 20 mcg/mL Hypotension, Albuminuria, Tachycardia, Anorexia
26
# 1 ALT (u/L and IU/L)/AST
8 - 40 units/L or 3 - 25 IU/L | 5 - 40 units/L
27
# 1 ALP (↑ with what?)
30 - 120 u/L↑ in acute liver inflammation, will return to normal when chronic (body can't create inflammatory response)
28
# 1 Serum Protein
6 - 8 g/dL
29
# 1 Serum Albumin (why does it drop?)
3 - 5 g/dL ↓ when liver can't synthesize proteins
30
# 1 Laennec's
Cirrhosis r/t chronic alcoholism
31
# 1 Itcerus
yellowing of eyes
32
# 1 Asterixis
flapping hands
33
# 1 Fetor Hepaticus
Liver breash
34
# 1 Chvostek Sign and c/o
ipsilateral tapping on facial nerve r/in twitching Hypocalcemia
35
# 1 Trousseaus Sign
finger spasms w/ BP cuff inflation
36
# 1 Cushing's Syndrome
Oversecretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex (↑ ACTH levels), fix with Chemo/Cytotoxic Agents
37
# 1 T3, T4, and TSH | TRH and RAIU
70 - 205 4. 0 - 12.0 0. 3 - 5.0 Relative to baseline TSH ↓ 35% injected amount iodine
38
# 1 Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
39
# 1 Rinne Test
Hearing test w/ tuning fork
40
# 1 Angioedema
rapid swelling of tissues
41
# 1 Hirschsprung disease and interventions (2)?
lower intestinal blockage | 2 surgeries and an ostomy.
42
# 1 Atelectasis
collapse of lung r/in shallow breathing Caused by strict bedrest w/out turns and other lung diseases
43
# 1 Conversion Projection Undoing (Reaciton-Formation) Idealization
mental -> physical symptoms attributing self to others acting opposite to own beliefs exaggerating + attributes to hide emotional conflict
44
# 1 Raynaud's Disease
A condition in which some areas of the body feel numb and cool in certain circumstances.
45
# 1 Brudzinski Sign
supine, lift head while pressing down on chest, flexion of legs lower extremities
46
# 1 Kernig's Sign
supine, inability to extend knees past 135º w/out pain
47
# 1 Emphysema 4 S/S
Dyspnea Barrel Chest Clubbing Fingers Shallow Respirations
48
# 1 Agoraphobia
fear of being helpless around other people
49
# 1 Urine Specific Gravity
1.005 - 1.030
50
# 1 IgG IgA IgE IgM
all types of infections sever autoimmune dz and chronic infx RAST - allergies, anaphylaxis, asthma antibodies against ABO groups gram negative
51
# 1 Hemianopsia
↓ vision 1/2 of visual field
52
# 1 Guaiac Test
poop for blood
53
# 1 Anhedonia
inability to experience pleasure
54
# 1 Korsakoff's Syndrome
secondary dementia r/t thiamine deficiency (caused by long term alcohol use)
55
# 1 Clang association Word Sala Neologism Echolalla
Have same beginning sound/rhyme Meaningless/disorganized Made up words Parroting another person
56
# 1 Oxybutynin sfx (anticholinergic)
dry mouth blurred vision photophobia
57
# 1 Fluconazole function
antifungal for oro/systemic candidiasis
58
# 1 Neostigmine adfx
Nausea
59
# 1 Ferrous sulfate (iron), eating habits when taking
take on empty stomach to ↑ absorption | can take with food initially to ↓ GI distress
60
# 1 ``` Antidotes for... Warfarin Heparin Magnesium sulfate Acetaminophen ```
Vitamin K Protamine Sulfate Calcium Gluconate Acetylcysteine
61
# 1 Morphine Sulfate 4 adfx
Pupil constriction Bradycardia Hypothremia ↓ Bladder sphincter tone/fullness perception
62
# 1 Ergotamine sublingual when to use
Onset of a migraine
63
# 1 ``` Ranges ♥ Enyzmes and duration of elevation with MI Creatinine Kinase MB Troponin T Troponin I Myoglobin ```
0% 3 days ↓ 0.2 14 - 21 days ↓ 0.3 7 - 10 days ↓ 90 24 hrs
64
# 1 ``` Ranges Cholesterol (Total) HDL LDL Triglyercerides ```
200 mg/dL screen for ♥ dz ♂ 35 - 65 /♀ 35 - 80 GOOD ↓ 130 BAD, but can be 70% of cholesterol ♂ 40 - 160/♀ 35 -135 OLD PEOPLE (↑ 65 y/o) 55 - 220 Used to evaluate artherosclerosis
65
# 1 Orthopnea
fancy for SoB while supine
66
# 1 Guillian Barre Syndrome
when immune system attacks nerves in periphery r/in weakness and paresthesia
67
# 1 Cardiac Tamponade and 3 S/S
Fluid accumulation in Pericardial Sac EMERGENCY, REPORT IT! HYPOTN, Muffled ♥ sounds, Paradoxial Pulse
68
# 1 Paradoxical Pulse
↑ BP between expiration and inhalation
69
# 1 Normal BP | Considered HTN
Less than 120/80 | ↑ 140/90
70
# 1 Difference between Angina and MI
Angina - w/ stress, nitro, 15 min, no s/s | MI - no cause, opiods, ↑ 30 min, w/ ↑ anxiety s/s
71
# 1 Human B-Type Natruretic Peptids (hBNP) | Normal range + progression
↓ 100 = normal ↑ 300 = mild, ↑ 600 = moderate, ↑ 900 = severe HF ALSO, is a medication that tx acute HF by vasodilating/↑ sodium excretion
72
# 1 Left and Right Ventricle Ejection Fractions
55 - 70% | 45 - 60%
73
# 1 Pre-HTN Range
120 - 139/80 - 89
74
# 1 Esophagogastrodudenoscopy
Visualization of upper GI tract
75
# 1 Total Bilirubin
0.1 - 1.0 mg/dL
76
# 1 Indirect Bilirubin
0.2 - 0.8 mg/dL
77
# 1 Ammonia
11 - 32 umol/L
78
# 1 CHLoride
98 - 106 mEq/L
79
# 1 Oliguria Range for 24 hrs
100 - 400 mL/24hr
80
# 1 Prealbumin
23 - 43 mg/dL
81
# 1 Vasopressin FX/Tx
ADH hormone | Diabetes Insipidus
82
# 1 Methimazole (Tapazole) FX/TX
Anti-thyroid hormone | Hyperthyroidism
83
# 1 Fludrocortisone (Florinef) FX/TX
Mineralcorticoid Replacement | Addision's Disease
84
# 1 Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) FX/TX
Stops production of gluco/mineralcorticoids and androgens | Cushing's Disease
85
# 1 Manic 5 S/S
``` Ø complete projects Ø sleep Ø eat Spends money Fearful of others (anxiety) ```
86
# 1 Meningococcal Meningitis Isolation Procedure
Isolate 24 - 72 hr after initiation of antibiotic therapy
87
# 1 Droplet Precaution max distance from patient w/out a mask
3 feet
88
# 1 5 S/S Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
``` Orthostatic HYPOtn Constipation Hyperglycemia Bradycardia Dry Mouth ```
89
# 1 How often to observe EKG (T-Waves) with a DKA patient | Meaning of a widening/shortening QT interal
30 - 60 minutes | Hypo/Hyperkalemia
90
# 1 3 S/S Respiratory Obstruction
Thready pulse Intercostal restractions Noisy (stridor) respiratooions
91
# 1 3 S/S Cerebral Hemorrhage
↑ ICP Hypotension Hypoxia
92
# 1 3 S/S Hemorrhagic Shock
Tachycardia Weak pulse Hypotension
93
# 1 ``` Mental status assessments +7 - 100 3-step command What would you do if...? Evaluate the meaning of a proverb ```
intellectual function immediate memory judgment abstract thinking
94
# 1 ``` Function of the follow brain structures Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Hypothalamus ```
learning, memory, language balance, coordination respiratory control endocrine system
95
# 1 ``` Key nutrition elements of the following... Onion soup Grilled fish Almonds Broccoli ```
Sodium Protein Phosphorus Potassium
96
# 1 Lithium, increase what intake? Decrease what intake? Length until therapeutic effect?
Salt intake with meals NSAIDS ↑ toxicity 5 - 7 days
97
# 1 Chemo patients precautions (4)
Low-residue diet Catheter installed Wear a dosi-meter badge Bed rest
98
# 1 Brain tumors ↑ r/o...?
Seizures
99
# 1 Hypoglycemia in babies r/in...
Flaccid muscle tone
100
# 1 When switching CVC, what should patient do..? | When getting new one inserted, what should pt do?
Valsalva maneuver to prevent air embolus | Turn head in opposite direction to prevent break in sterile field
101
# 1 Clozapine FX/TX Tests done during...? ADFX
anti-psychotic, shizophrenia WBC qWeek/6months Flu symptoms, tachycardia
102
# 1 Ice bag time to use on patient | Cooldown until re-use
30 min/ea | 1 hr
103
# 1 Aprazolam (Xanax) TX/3ADFX
Anxiety Sedation Tachycardia Headaches
104
# 1 Total Laryngectomy and bonus FX
Anatomical separation of trachea/esophagus | IT IS IMPOSSIBLE to choke/aspirate on food
105
# 1 Methylergonovine FX/Contra
Stop severe bleeding from uterus after childbirth | Contra'd if BP ↑ than 140/90
106
# 1 Anthrax antidote
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
107
# 1 Dyskinesia
impaired voluntary movement
108
# 1 Benadryl and Parkinson's desired FX
↓ tremors
109
# 1 Kawasaki Disease
inflammation blood vessel walls
110
# 1 Kaposi Sarcoma
Sarcoma that manifests from AIDs and is characterized by purple-ish brown, raised lesions and edema
111
# 1 Naproxen TX/crushable?/ADFX
RA Yes like an NSAID, causes GI problems
112
# 1 Chemo, when to stop PO before treatment
1 hr before
113
# 1 Iron toxicity Antidote
Deferoxamine (Desferal)
114
# 1 Heparin, how often to check aPTT
q4hrs
115
# 1 Prednisone and blood sugar
↑ r/o hyperglycemia
116
# 1 Narcotic Analgesics for Post-Thoracic Surgery
↑ deep breathing
117
# 1 HIV Control Precaution
Standard
118
# 1 Mastectomy/Radiation Therapy and ice packs
Contraindicated!
119
# 1 CVC Aspiration
Prior to each use
120
# 1 Bowel Training Program, bring the patient to the bathroom...
when they have an urge to defecate
121
# 1 WIERD: Pt shitty Temp, P, R and O2 Sat after having a Triple Lumen catheter placed... priority?
Stat Chest X-ray to assess catheter placement
122
# 1 Anti-psychotic medications r/in muscle rigidity, hypePYREXIA, and diaphoresis
Neuroleptic Malignant Sydnrome
123
# 1 Patient cheeking meds?
Give it to them liquid form.
124
# 1 Digoxin, pulse contraindication | 4 S/S Toxicity
↓ 60 | Yellow-tinged vision, Nausea, Muscle weakness, diarrhea
125
# 1 Persistent adverse effect even after discontinuing a conventional anti-psychotic
Tardive Dyskinesia
126
# 1 Tardive Dyskinesia S/S
jerky, lip-smacking, neck/back contractions
127
# 1 Stick yourself? First action?
SCRUB VIGOROUSLY for 5 MINUTES
128
# 1 Test for Pernicious Anemia
Shilling Test
129
# 1 ``` Sublingual Intramuscular Transdermal Enteral Routes of Administration ```
``` Order from fastest to longest 1 - 3 10 - 30 30 - 60 min variable ```
130
# 1 Medication contraindicated with asthma
Carvedilol (Coreg)
131
# 1 Fat Embolism Syndrome
s/s respiratory distress 12 - 28 hours of a fracture
132
# 1 Serum ADH Range
1 - 5
133
# 1 Epstein-Barr Virus | S/S and what it ↑ Risk of
Herpes Simplex 4 autoimmune response Rheumatoid Arthritis
134
# 1 Process Prospective Structure Outcome
Nursing care Prediction of performance Availability of resource Examining data
135
# 1 Mannitol therapeutic effect in hemolytic transfusion reactions
↑ diuresis (sweating)
136
# 1 After incident report filed after giving a wrong medication, what's next?
Document the time medication was given
137
# 1 TX of toddler w/ neuroblastoma
Hydration
138
# 1 Prostate Cancer, AGE to start having examinations and PSA levels checked
50 years old
139
# 1 ``` LLND Medication FX's Nalbuphine (Opiod agonist) Terbutaline (Smooth Muscle Relaxant) Oxytocin (Uterine stimulant) Mag. Sulfate (Smooth Muscle Relaxant) ```
pain ↓ contractions prevent bleeding ↓ contractions
140
# 1 SubQ Injection What to do with skin and Insertion Angle
Pinch | 45 - 90º
141
# 1 Hemophilia A aPTT expected value
45 seconds
142
# 1 Thrombocytopenia
↓ platelet count
143
# 1 Estradiol ADFX
Headaches
144
# 1 Specific S/S Meningococcal Meningitis C
Petechial Rash
145
# 1 S/S ↑ ICP
Memory Loss
146
# 1 ``` Kid Stuff...! S/S Autism ADHD Defiant Disorder Separation Anxiety Disorder ```
Lack of response Difficulty paying attention Disobedience Excessive Anxiety when separated from parents
147
# 1 Continuous Passive Motion Machines, when to turn off?
During meal-time
148
# 1 Family concerned about level of care at new facility? How to address concerns?
Facilitated a interdisciplinary conference at the new facility for the family
149
# 1 Peripheral Arterial Disease and foot care
Apply lubricating lotion
150
# 1 Purpose of hand-rolls
Maintaining a functional position
151
# 1 Chlorpromazine FX
↓ hallucinations
152
# 1 Key S/S Delirium
Fluctuating level of consciousness
153
# 1 What to report after a GI-scopy?
Cool, clammy skin
154
# 1 TX for dry, shiny red skin after radiation therapy
Mild soap and water
155
# 1 Somebody is trying to pull out his line?
See him first
156
# 1 ADFX Valproic Acid
Jaundice
157
# 1 Black beans, iron/fat content
high iron/low fat
158
# 1 Amitriptyline (Tricyclic-Antidepressant/MAOI) 2 ADFX ▲ urine color Foods to avoid When to take
Dry mouth, Constipation Blue-green urine With/After food Foods w/ Tyramine
159
# 1 Eye drops procedure. Time to wait between 2 different meds. How long to push on lacrimus
close eyes for 1 minutes to instill 10 - 15 minutes 30 - 60 seconds
160
# 1 Quality Improvement focuses on...?
Individual accomplishments
161
# 1 Post-mortem care + Donation
``` Notify doctors Collect specimens Removes tubes Cleanse the body Apply name tag ```
162
# 1 Ecchymosis
bruising
163
# 1 Type of group a nurse can lead at a Mental Health Clinic
Medication Education Group
164
# 1 Fluoxetine (SRI) ADFX to report? | Time it starts after beginning TX.
Tremors (Serotonin Syndrome) | 2 - 72 hrs after starting
165
# 1 When to give Rh-Immune Globulin. | Time of gestation?
When Mom is negative and fetus is expected to be positive (could of recently aborted). Give 28 weeks gestation Within 72 hours of birth.
166
# 1 Gout, what to avoid eating.
Purines
167
# 1 RA TX of Edematous Joints
Cold Therapy
168
# 1 GI Tube feedings mL for intermittent feedings mL for flush How often?
250 mL 30 mL q4hrs
169
# 1 Where is the FHR detected during the 1st trimester?
Over the symphysis Pubis
170
# 1 Intravenous Pyelogram, medication to take before test.
Laxative
171
# 1 Bowel Protrusion Steps
Stay with and call for help Place sterile gauze Supine, hips/knees bent Take vital signs
172
# 1 Braxton Hick's Contractions | When to expect them
False, irregular contractions, solved by walking | 28 weeks gestation
173
# 1 How to help a toddler adjust to hospitalization/reduce anxiety
Bring toys from home
174
# 1 FIRST GEN - Antipsychotics (4) HFTR
Haloperidol (Haldol) Fuphenazine Thiothixene Perphenazine
175
# 1 Anticholinergic ADFX (5)
``` Photophobia/Blurred vision Dry mouth Tachycardia Constipation Urinary Retention ```
176
# 1 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome S/S (4)
▲ LoC ▲ BP Dysrhythmias/Muscle rigidity High grade fever
177
# 1 Extrapyramidial Side Effects (EPSs) (2)
Akathisia | Tardive Dyskinesia
178
# 1 Akathisia
Unable to sit/stand still (agitated)
179
# 1 Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) S/S (3)
Lip smacking, speech disturbance, involuntary movement
180
# 1 FIRST GEN - Antipsychotics HFTR 3 ADFX What medications to avoid with use.
Neuromalignant Syndrome Anticholinergic ADFX - so don't use these too EPSs Levodopa
181
# 1 SECOND GEN - Antipsychotics 2 suffixes + 2 examples + 1 outlier 3 ADFX
-apine + -idones Risperidone and Clozapine --- Aripiprazole Hyperglycemia, Cholesterolemia, Anticholinergic ADFX
182
# 1 Clozapine use, outside of the 3 regular ADFX, what else to monitor for/report?
↓ WBC (Agranulocytosis) | S/S infection = fever, sore throat, lesions of mouth
183
# 1 Neostigmine (Cholinesterase Inhibitor) TX/2 ADFX
Myasthenia Gravis, Alzheimers, and Parkinsons by ↑ nerve impulses Muscarine Stimulation = ↑ GI motility/secretions, urinary urgency and bradycardia, which can r/in a Cholinergic Crisis (respiratory depression)
184
# 1 4 KEY Bad things to consume
Caffeine, Alcohol, Beer, Cigarettes
185
# 1 3 KEY S/S infection
fever, sore throat, purulent discharge
186
# 1 3 KEY S/S Muscarine Stimulation
↑ GI motility/secretions, urinary urgency, bradycardia

Capstone Round 2 (9 decks)

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