references reverse Flashcards
Threatened species lists fulfil social, political and scientific needs. but have many limitations is actually dealing effectively with the issues they present -uneven taxonomic treatment -variation in observational effort -changes may merely represent change in knowledge
Possigham et al 2002
male lactation may not enhance the bearers fitness so less likely to evolve (males cant be certain of paternity).
Daly 1979
Recent outbreak of Ebola not due to a higher virulence in the disease but the population itself highly interconnected area with lots of cross border traffic and large intermixing of populations.
Aylward et al 2014
Initial scanning time for Harbour seals decreases with group size
Terhune and Brillant 1995
Ungulates synchronise births to reduce predation of newborns (27 ruminant study)
Rutberg 1987
Contrasting colouration in terrestrial mammals for: aposematism, conspecific signalling, disruption and intra-specific communication
Caro 2008
Meerkats pups learn socially to avoid predation and gain food. Individual learning is costly and opportunities are lacking
Thornton and Clutton-Brock 2011
Juvenile pups of silver backed Jackals increase with group size Lek Breeding - males hold territories on the lek and have higher mating rates than those off the lek. Inferior males can parasitise superiors (Southern Elephant seals mating at sea
Clutton-Brock 1989
Bat sociality - Roost limitation promotes Improved thermoregulation for group (fission-fusion colonies) Reciprocal regurgitation of blood in vampire bats Transfer information about location of food in species with unpredictable food sources (faithful areas sharing is restricted to mother-daughter) communal breeding - mutual warming and babysitting of pups. Communal nursing in Rodrigues fruit-bat
Kerth 2008
exhibition of lek behaviour in hammerhead bats
Bradbury 1977
Domestication lead to agriculture and agriculture has promoted disease. Infectious diseases that can only survive in in these dense populations sustained by agriculture. - evolved from similar epidemics our our herd animals (tb and measles from cattle, flu from pigs)
Diamond 2002
Ranched mink brains were smaller than wild mink (independent of body size, sex, age).
Kruska 2009
Male badgers appear to experience more adverse effects of infection of TB compared to females. Could be behavioural, immune function and/or reproduction Culling needs to be over 150km2 for 5 years to reduce incidence by ~12% Gassing burrows in Thornbury over several years lead to sustained absence of TB but cost and effort are very high
McDonald 2014
indirect transfer of bTB through aerosol spreading of slurry. Inhalation of contamination of dust particles.
McCallan et al 2014
movement of infected cattle was responsible for 84% of newly infected farms scrutiny of skin tests and regular missing of true positives. only effective treatment would be whole herd slaughter.
Brooks-Pollock et al 2014
rapid inter/intra host genetic variation in Ebola West African variant from central African lineages around 2004
Gire et al 2014
The plague - 1990s the disease reappeared in several countries and lead to reclassification as re-emerging disease Kazakstan warmer springs and wetter winters have increased prevalence of the plague in main host (great gerbil). 1994 outbreak in india - 50 people lead to collapse of tourism and trade ($60 million) Past weaponisation of disease and fear of aerosol formulations in warfare
Stenseth et al 2008
HIV-1 pandemic ignited in Kinchasa ~1920 and spatial expansion is due to active transportation network change in post-independece in sexual selection behaviour was critical for emergence
Faria et al 2008
White-nose syndrome - replaced hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, invaded regional tissues and left no identifiable fat reserves (crucial for hibernation)
Blehert et al 2009
also cascading environmental effects of white nose syndrome - shifts in spatial and temporal niche partitioning long term population viability and ecosystem structure
Sachowski et al 2014
threats to mammals around S and SE Asia, and N Atlantic, N Pacific and SE Asia for Marine mammals -fisheries by-catch -habitat loss -harvesting diversity associated with areas of high productivity
Schipper et al 2008
IUCN is trusted worldwide - but should it be? Minke Whale in Norway proposal contained misleading info Secrecy with some data sources with Hawksbill turtle project - now considered CE but with no supporting information available yet…
Mrosovsky 1997
Climate change will influence future distribution of mammals in Europe. IPCC predict a global temperature rise of 1.4-5.8c during 21st century 5-8% of mammals face extinction richness will dramatically decrease in Mediterranean area
Levinsky 2006
EDCs and climate change are huge risk factors in Arctic regions. - ability to adapt to environmental alterations caused by climate change -EDCs effect cortisol, sex steroid hormones and thyroid hormone system may change ability to adapt to environmental stress as TH imbalance by EDCs can effect neural development which may change behaviour and cognitive abilities
Jenssen 2008
