references revision

Question 1

blockchain chicken farm

Answer 1

xiaowei wang , 2020

Question 2

dessertification blame and new explanations for cause

Answer 2

Hutchinson et al (2005)

Question 3

hybrid knowledge’s in desertification-

Answer 3

Thomas and Twyman (2004)

Question 4

equality and justice in climate change adaptation

Answer 4

Thomas and Twyman (2005)

Question 5

example of indigenous knowledge’s - actual name of place and explain

Answer 5

Southwestern kalahari
Welkom and Oorwin Farms
Local adaptations:

Bush thickets: serve as important windbreaks in years where grass cover was denuded by grazing pressure = flowering phase also a fodder resource for sheep and goats during critical time of year - alleviates grazing pressure on emerging grasses allowing them to grow well

Sour grass: whilst recognized to be a limitation on grazing he did not perceive its extent to be increasing
- areas where presence of sour grass become important host for melons = melons particularly valuable for cattle, provide food and reducing need for regular water

Question 6

Thomas and Twyman (2005) - equity and climate justice example

Answer 6

financial assistance programme Botswana

• Introduced between 1982 and 2001, the FAP was a Botswana government initiative designed to support new or expanding business ventures by providing grants of up to 90% of the project cost
• FAP-funded initiatives included livestock purchases (like poultry and smallstock), agricultural development (such as market gardens), and small enterprises (e.g., brick making, transport services)

Question 7

regional discrepancies in Financial assistance programme botswana

Answer 7

• In southeast success and diverse range of individuals made claims for funding
• In southwest – remote and arid = only schemes related to small stock farming—the dominant agricultural practice—received support, effectively hindering individual attempts to diversify beyond or even within agriculture

Question 8

sinking atolls key study

Answer 8

Kench et al (2018)

Question 9

climate change and migration of atolls - no evidence yet

Answer 9

Montreux et al (2023)

Question 10

first climate refugees reference

Answer 10

Farbotoku