Reflexes

Question 1

what are reflexes

Answer 1

rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to a stimuli

Question 2

reflexes are _____ or ____

Answer 2

inborn (intrinsic), learned (acquired)

Question 3

2 types of reflexes

Answer 3

autonomic (visceral), somatic

Question 4

autonomic (visceral) reflexes are mediated through the _______ ______ ______

Answer 4

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 5

function of somatic reflexes

Answer 5

stimulate skeletal muscles by the somatic division

Question 6

clinical relevance of reflex testing with a doctor

Answer 6

easy way of assessing spinal cord injury by testing for response at lesion site (deep tendon (stretch) reflex tests using a reflex testing hammer)

Question 7

components of a reflex arc

Answer 7

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Question 8

simple reflexes

Answer 8

monosynaptic (no more than one neuron), fast acting

Question 9

complex reflexes

Answer 9

polysynaptic (more than one neuron), slower acting

Question 10

reflexes can be completed with just the _____ ____, or with some _____ input

Answer 10

spinal cord, brain

Question 11

some reflexes require _____ input

Answer 11

cranial ( gag reflex relies on input from cranial nerves IX and X)

Question 12

what are somatic reflexes for

Answer 12

posture, balance, locomotion

Question 13

types of somatic reflexes

Answer 13

stretch (deep tendon), crossed-extensor (withdraw reflex), superficial (resulting from pain and temperature change), corneal (light reflected off cornea of eye, nerve V), gag (contraction of back of throat, nerve IX and X)

Question 14

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 14

interneurons help to control or inhibit the action of antagonist muscles to allow agonist muscles to work more efficiently

Question 15

autonomic reflexes are _____

Answer 15

automatic

Question 16

types of autonomic reflexes

Answer 16

pupillary, ciliospinal (sensation input), salivary (only reflex which glands are the effectors)

Question 17

what is the stimulus for pupillary reflexes

Answer 17

light input

Question 18

contraleteral response (pupillary reflex)

Answer 18

opposite stimulation site to response site

Question 19

ipsilateral response (pupillary reflex)

Answer 19

same stimulation and response site

Question 20

what is the patellar reflex used to assess

Answer 20

lumbar region of spinal cord

Question 21

reflexes may be ______ (_____) by other muscles not being tested, sending a ______ impulse and aiding in _____ reaction time along with _____ ______

Answer 21

reinforces (enhanced), stronger, faster, reciprocal inhibition

Question 22

what does the jendrassick maneuver do

Answer 22

counters the inhibitory signals to the reflex arc interneurons, which exaggerates the reflex. “spill over” of electrical impulses to reflex arc