Reformation Period

Question 1

Key ideas

Answer 1

Religious and political redistribution of power; a call to purify the church and a belief that the Bible, not tradition, should be the sole source of spiritual authority

Question 2

Reformation Period

Answer 2

started 1517 w/ Martin Luther 95 thesis

ended 1555 peace of augsburg, 1648 treaty of westphalia

Question 3

John Calvin

Answer 3

1541: settled in Geneva
stressed God’s power
if it’s not in the Bible it’s not acceptable

Question 4

Swiss Reformation

Answer 4

1591 →  Ulrich Zwingli
➢ Against fasting during Lent
 ➢ Corruption in church
hierarchy
➢ Promoted clerical marriage 
➢ Use of images in places of worship.

Question 5

Henry VIII

Answer 5

The Quest for a Male Heir:
➢ Pope Clement VII did not allow Henry to divorce from Catherine of Aragon so he
could remarry
❖ 1534: Declared himself to be the final authority in matters relating to the English Church.

Question 6

1559 Elizabeth I took the throne

Answer 6

Cast the Church of England as a “middle
way”
■ Between Calvinism & Catholicism
■ Vernacular worship and a revised Book of Common Prayer.

Question 7

What was Queen Elizabeth known as?

Answer 7

the virgin queen

Question 8

Fashion

Answer 8

Men & women were aware of public image, and adorned themselves
accordingly
➢ Many sought to dress in the fashion of Elizabeth I.
❖ Popes dressed lavishley while reformers dressed “homely”

Question 9

Music

Answer 9

Johann Walter: edited 1st protest & hymnal for choir
Martin Luther: used hymns
John Calvin

Question 10

John Calvin

Answer 10

❖ Recognized the power of music and intended it that it be used to
support scripture readings.
❖ Supervised hymn writing, the most famous tune being the “Old 100th”

Question 11

Art

Answer 11

Induced a wave of iconoclasm, or the destruction of religious imagery.
Catholic Church decided to ban any depiction
of genitalia, breasts and buttocks in art.

Question 12

Contraceptives in France

Answer 12

❖ Sexual intercourse was seen as something solely for procreation by most.
❖ However, people were tired of having children, so the French invented anal intercourse as a contraceptive.

Question 13

Marriage & Celibacy

Answer 13

Marriage was not number one choice for men → Repercussions on women
The church condemned fornification and adultery but did not condemn prostitution.

Question 14

Reformation led to…

Answer 14

➢ Strengthened universities of Europe
➢ Lutheran church music of J.S. Bach
➢ Baroque altarpieces
➢ Capitalism of Dutch Calvinist merchants.
➢ Yielded the differentiation between Protestants and Catholics
❖ The reformation changed the way sex was viewed in the church and in the public