regen L4 why do areas need regenerating?

Question 1

3 base reasons of regeneration

Answer 1

• people and communities (renewal)
• economy, infrastructure & built environment (redevelopment)
• external perceptions (re-imaging, rebranding)

Question 2

What are the 4D’s?

Answer 2

DEINDUSTRIALISATION

DEPOPULATION

DERELICTION

DEPRIVATION

Question 3

East London, UK
Why did the East End decline?

Answer 3

New container port in Essex
- original docks in East London could not cope with containerisation because the Thames isn’t deep enough
- East End docks closed in 1981

Question 4

East London, UK
What was the impact of the east end declining?

Answer 4

• over 12000 jobs lost between 1978 and 1983
• 1981 census revealed over 60% of adult men were unemployed in that area
• nearby industries closed
• overall population fell by 100000 over 10 years (1971-1981)

Question 5

Detroit, USA
Spiral of Decline

Answer 5

High Unemployment: yet to replace jobs lost when automobile industries disappeared. 8% unemployment in 2019

Crime: rising gun crime. 30 year lower life expectancy

Depopulation: middle class leave — lost 1.1 MILLION residents since 1950. Collapse of housing prices — sold for US $1 — “white flight”

Dereliction: widespread environmental dereliction — arson becomes commonplace. smashed windows.