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A level GEO > Regenerating Places > Flashcards

Regenerating Places Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of place

A

Geographical space shaped by individuals and communities over time

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2
Q

Definition of regeneration

A

Long term upgrading of existing places or more drastic renewal schemes for urban, residential, retail, industrial, commercial or rural areas

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3
Q

Definition of rebranding

A

The marketing aspect of regeneration designed to attract businesses, residents and visitors by changing its image

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4
Q

Horsham physical site

A

Weald area
River Arun

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5
Q

Horsham cultural landscape

A

Majority white British
Some diversity

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6
Q

Horsham economic function

A

Commuter town
Retail

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7
Q

Places connected to Horsham

A

Gatwick
London
Crawley

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8
Q

Gentrification

A

The process of the character of a poor urban area changing by wealthier people moving in, improving housing and attracting new businesses

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9
Q

Studentification

A

The process by which specific neighbourhood become dominated by student residential accommodation

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10
Q

Causes of studentification in Brighton

A

Landlords converting family homes into HMOs
Developers want to maximise profit

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11
Q

Impacts of studentification in Brighton

A

Lack of housing for families
Loud parties and disturbance
Pressure on gov to have limitations

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12
Q

Example of the 7 domains of index of multiple deprivation (IMD)

A

Income
Health
Education
Employment

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13
Q

What is the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) used for?

A

Used by central government and local authorities to target regeneration aid, to allocate resources to places and people

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14
Q

How does the index of multiple deprivation work?

A

The domains are weighted by importance (eg health education income employment)
37 indicators total

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15
Q

Factors that contribute to quality of life

A

Health
Happinesss
Educational achievement
Job quality
Income
Leisure time
Safety
Work life balance
Knowledge and skills

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16
Q

Primary sector economic activity in the UK

A

Agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing.
Low paid in rural areas

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17
Q

Secondary sector economic activity in the UK

A

Manufacturing in Northern cities eg Manchester

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18
Q

Tertiary economic activity in the UK

A

Retail, service providing. from cleaners to lawyers

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19
Q

Quaternary sector economic activity UK

A

ICT/scientific research.
Mainly London and south east

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20
Q

Quinary sector economic activity UK

A

Business executives
Gov officials
Highest level of decision making
Cambridge triangle
M4 corridor

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21
Q

Why can people in work still live in poverty?

A

High housing costs
Seasonal work
Part time work
0 hour contracts
Illegal workers
Gender pay gap
Gig economy

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22
Q

Life expectancy in Guildford vs Glasgow

A

Guildford: 82.1
Glasgow: 72.6

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23
Q

Reinventor cities

A

Have changed their economic base away from low skilled secondary employment to high skilled high wage IT and digital media jobs

Example: Canary Wharf

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24
Q

Replicator cities

A

Have replaced low skilled secondary employment in factories with low skilled low wage employment like retail and call centres

Example: Hartlepool marina

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25
Q

Functions

A

The roles a place plays for it’s community and surroundings

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26
Q

Salford Quays development

A

1970s: Containerisation and changing trade patterns caused decline
1985: Development plan published
1993: water achieved stable bathing quality and water sports centre opened
2000: Queen opens Lowry shopping centre
2006: Planning permission for media city granted

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27
Q

Employment opportunities Canary Wharf

A

Jobs in banking
Barclays, HSBC, Morgan Stanley
69.1% employment rate

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28
Q

Hartlepool employment opportunities

A

Lack of jobs due to deindustrialisation
54.5% employment rate

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29
Q

Health in Hartlepool

A

11% have illnesses that limit daily activities

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30
Q

Canary Wharf life expectancy

A

84.7

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31
Q

Hartlepool life expectancy

A

81.6

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32
Q

Hartlepool education

A

30.8% no qualifications

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33
Q

Canary Wharf access to services

A

Over 300 shops cafes bars restaurants
DLR to central London

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34
Q

How does the function of an area change due to studentification?

A

Increased shopping and leisure aimed at students eg nightclubs and discount food shops

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35
Q

How do the characteristics of a place change due to studentification?

A

Younger and more diverse population. Possible increased issues of noise and littering. Loss of sense of community. Increased house prices or lack of family

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36
Q

Positive impacts of gentrification in Brixton

A

-Newcomers benefit from renovated housing and shipping.
-Renting containers for street food businesses.
-Some middle class people volunteer.
-Image of area has improved.
-More income for network rail from train arch shops

37
Q

Negative impacts of gentrification in Brixton

A

-Hidden deprivation
-Gang violence
-Teenagers feel looked down on
-Young middle class not interested in character/history of area
-Market has become more expensive
-Increased rents
-Property prices up 75%

38
Q

In the last 10 years how much have property prices increased by in Brixton?

A

Property prices up 75% last 10 years

39
Q

What has loss of working docks due to containerisation caused in Salford Quays?

A

Loss of working class identity
High unemployment
Crime
Depopulation
Dereliction

40
Q

Cleanup of canal (SQ)

A

Due to funding from local and national government.
Result:
-encourages private investment creating culture and media hub
-attractions national and international

41
Q

What has the relocation of the bbc caused in Salford Quays?

A

-Growth of media city
-New high skilled high payed jobs
-More young highly qualified professionals
-Creating more diverse population

Temporary relocation

42
Q

What has improved housing caused in Salford Quays?

A

Area is more desirable
Increased house prices and skill level of jobs creates divide

43
Q

In 2012 what amount of applicants from Salford got jobs at media city

A

24 out of 3172 applicants

44
Q

The Lowry

A

£106 million project
820 000 visitors a year
-Display of Lowry paintings encourages tourism

45
Q

Media city UK

A

200 acres
£650 million
HDTV programme making facilities
BBC breakfast
Coronation street set

46
Q

How many jobs provided in Salford quays?

A

26000 jobs provided by 900 companies

47
Q

Imperial war museum north

A

470 000 visitors a year
£28.5 million

48
Q

Canary Wharf employment rate

A

70%

49
Q

Characteristics of successful places

A

High life expectancy
Good qualifications
High house prices
High in migration (?)
Low deprivation
Low unemployment
Low skills shortage

50
Q

Horsham national connections

A

-Close proximity to Crawley has forced Horsham to compete and develop more shopping
-National brands eg John Lewis improves local economy
-Close proximity to London attracts commuters
-National targets have increased house building locally
-Historical identity encourages visitors

51
Q

Horsham international connections

A

-Location within Gatwick diamond
-Investment of international companies eg Nestle
-Provides employment

52
Q

Salford Quays national connections

A

-National/local government investment attracts further private investment
-Manchester is the 3rd biggest city in the UK + educational cultural and transport hub

53
Q

Salford quays international connections

A

-Historical international sea trade routes
-Old Trafford Man United
-BBC established it as media hub

54
Q

Rust belt

A

American term for the historical manufacturing region which was famous for steel and car production. It fell into decline following automation, the global shift and increased free trade.

55
Q

Example of somewhere in the rust belt

A

Detroit
-Depopulation 2 million to 800000
-Deindustrialisation
-Ford Factory, Chrysler
-Crime and dereliction

56
Q

Why does Redruth need regeneration?

A

-High rates of unemployment. Job losses from decline of tin mining industry
-Income deprivation from low skilled employment in tourism and agriculture
-Brain drain as young people move out
-Poorly connected
-High house prices as more holiday homes are bought

57
Q

Post your production countryside

A

The situation in rural areas where the old economy consisting of primary sector jobs had declined

58
Q

Reason for decline in fishing in Cornwall

A

EU quotas
Some fish have been overfished

59
Q

Reason for decline in farming in Cornwall

A

Cheap imports
Supermarkets demand low prices

60
Q

Reason for decline in tin and copper mining in Cornwall

A

Resources depleted
Overseas competition

61
Q

Reasons for decline in quarrying in Cornwall

A

Operations moved to Brazil (eg French company Imerys)
-In china technology replaces people in quarrying

62
Q

Community engagement

A

-Attending local events eg fundraisers
-Joining local groups or teams
-Volunteering
-supporting local shops
-voting in elections

63
Q

Factors affecting how people engage

A

Gender: More women engage in community work
Disability
Political affiliation
Age
Birth country
Ethnicity
Level of deprivation

64
Q

Voting in Horsham vs Salford and Eccles

A

Horsham: 73% voted
Salford and Eccles: 62% voted

65
Q

Sink estate + example

A

Housing estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime. Especially domestic violence drugs and gangs.
Example: The Barracks, Glasgow
Broadwater farm, North London

66
Q

Why might sink estates need regeneration?

A

-Inadequate housing conditions
-High crime. Unsafe for residents
-Limited educational resources
-Health disparities

67
Q

Gated community

A

Residential area/housing developing that is enclosed and secured with access limited to residents

68
Q

How can gated communities lead to social segregation?

A

Reduced diversity of socio economic backgrounds
Limited social mixing as communities may have internal services
-Educational disparities

69
Q

Commuter village

A

Residential community in a rural area near an urban area where many residents commute daily to workplaces in the city

70
Q

Characteristics of commuter villages

A

-Affluent population low levels of deprivation
-Fewer services needed as commuters may not demand local shops

71
Q

Why might commuter villages need regeneration?

A

-Lower paid locals/young adults forced out due to house prices
-Reduced community character

72
Q

Issues affecting housing in the UK

A

Population is rapidly increasing due to migration and natural increase
Shortage of affordable homes leading to more renting
Popular places have high prices
Planning restrictions limit new developments

73
Q

Sources of info to show whether areas need regeneration

A

-Tourist info website
-Local blog
-Local newspapers
-Estate agent websites

74
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of statistics

A

Advantage: Factual/objective
Disadvantage: Don’t show opinions

75
Q

What’s important to know about tourist information websites?

A

They portray places positively to encourage visitors so they are biased

76
Q

Hartlepool vs Redruth tourist website

A

Hartlepool:
-“Charming coastal town”
-Focus on landscape arts culture
Redruth:
-Focus on mining history and attractions

77
Q

Hartlepool vs Redruth statistics

A

hartlepool:
IMD 10% most deprived
3-18% with degrees
Avg house £91000

Redruth:
IMD 20% most deprived
5-18% with degrees
Avg house £179000

78
Q

Hartlepool vs Redruth local blog

A

Hartlepool:
Complaining about tax/councillors
Redruth:
Posts about mining but also deprivation issues

79
Q

Hartlepool vs Redruth local newspapers

A

Hartlepool:
Negative. Crimes
Redruth:
Festival
Deprivation
Community projects

80
Q

Tourism led regeneration example

A

Imperial war museum Salford Quays £28.5 million
450000 visitors first year

81
Q

Marketing heritage regeneration example

A

Hartlepool docks and ship building industry

82
Q

Farm diversification agriculture based

A

Branching out from traditional activities in order to produce speciality products

Eg Spring Farm Sussex Alpacas

83
Q

Farm diversification non agriculture based

A

Tulleys Farm West Sussex Shocktober

84
Q

Deregulation and Canary Wharf

A

-“Big bang”
-Thatcher deregulated financial markets to encourage investment in London
-European and US banks came to London
-Banking and financial services were 30% of British economy 2008

85
Q

Pump priming

A

Initial government investment in a regeneration project which aims to attract more private investment

86
Q

Newquay aerohub

A

-450 jobs
-Air ambulance
-Aviation companies
-Enterprise zone

87
Q

Cambridge science hub

A

-1.7 million square foot
-Quaternary jobs
-Science companies

88
Q

Enterprise zone

A

Designated areas for businesses that provide tax breaks and government support

A level GEO (4 decks)

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