Regional Anatomy

Question 1

Which thoracic vertebrae separates the superior from the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 1

T4-T5 (or at sternal angle)

Question 2

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist?

Answer 2

median nerve

Question 3

Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

Answer 3

2nd, 3rd, 4th parts

Question 4

What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 4

from the superior thoracic aperture to an imaginary line at T4-T5

Question 5

List four nerves/plexi that are present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 5

CN XI, branches of cervical plexus, roots and trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

Question 6

Name the nerve the pass through the Hunter’s canal.

Answer 6

saphenous nerve

Question 7

Name the structure in males, located in the inguinal canal that travels from the pelvic cavity to the scrotum.

Answer 7

spermatic cord

Question 8

Name three muscles that form the suboccipital triangle.

Answer 8

oblique capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior and rectus capitis posterior major muscles

Question 9

What structures make up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

aponeuroses of the external oblique and internal oblique muscles

Question 10

Where is McBurney’s point?

Answer 10

site of appendix: 2/3 of the way from umbilicus to ASIS

Question 11

List four contents of the superior mediastinum.

Answer 11

aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

Question 12

What is the name of the diamond-shaped space located posterior to the knee?

Answer 12

popliteal fossa

Question 13

Name the canal that is located in the middle 1/3 of the thigh between the adductor muscles and vastus medialis?

Answer 13

Hunter’s canal

Question 14

What do you call the entrance of abdominal contents through the femoral canal?

Answer 14

femoral hernia

Question 15

The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by which two muscles laterally and medially?

Answer 15

iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

Question 16

Is the lesser pelvis (pelvis minor) located superiorly or inferiorly to the brim?

Answer 16

inferiorly

Question 17

Is the greater pelvis (pelvis major) located superiorly or inferiorly to the brim?

Answer 17

superiorly

Question 18

The pericardial sac is continuous with which subdivision of the mediastinum?

Answer 18

middle mediastinum (subdivision of the inferior mediastinum)

Question 19

What structures make up the inferior wall (floor) of the inguinal canal?

Answer 19

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

Question 20

What structures make up the superior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 20

arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse muscles

Question 21

Where does a femoral hernia protrude to?

Answer 21

inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

Question 22

What does the femoral sheath contain?

Answer 22

femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal (containing deep inguinal lymph node)

Question 23

Branches of which nerve are distributed within the femoral triangle?

Answer 23

femoral nerve

Question 24

From where does a direct hernia protrude?

Answer 24

from the inguinal (hesselbachs) triangle - bulges directly through the abdominal wall medial to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 25

What does an indirect hernia go through?

Answer 25

the internal (deep) inguinal ring and external (superficial) inguinal ring and into the scrotum

Question 26

Which parts of colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 26

descending and ascending colon

Question 27

Does the femoral nerve lie within the femoral sheath?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

List four vessels that are present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 28

subclavian artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, terminal part of external external jugular vein

Question 29

Which structures make up Hesselbach's triangle?

Answer 29

inferior epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominus, and inguinal ligament

Question 30

What structures make up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 30

aponeurosis of the transverse abdominal muscle and transversalis fascia

Question 31

Describe the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 31

apex: union of the SCM and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone anteriorly: posterior border of the SCM base: distal 1/3 of clavicle posteriorly: anterior border of the trapezius

Question 32

Name three structures that are contained within the posterior subdivision of the inferior mediastinum.

Answer 32

esophagus, descending aorta, thoracic duct

Question 33

List five contents of the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 33

esophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

Question 34

What does the inguinal canal transmit?

Answer 34

spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 35

Name the fossa located anteriorly, at the distal end of the humerus.

Answer 35

cubital fossa

Question 36

What does the femoral triangle contain?

Answer 36

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

Question 37

Where does the inguinal canal start and end?

Answer 37

begins at the deep inguinal ring and terminates at the superficial ring

Question 38

What is the name of the fossa that is bound superiorly by the supracondylar lines of the femur?

Answer 38

popliteal fossa

Question 39

The tibial nerve, popliteal artery/vein and some adipose are located within which triangular formation?

Answer 39

popliteal fossa

Question 40

What is the name of the condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist?

Answer 40

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 41

List six muscles present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 41

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene, levator scapulae, splenius muscle

Question 42

Which inguinal ring does an abdominal hernia go through?

Answer 42

external inguinal ring only

Question 43

Name the three structures that form the anterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 43

mandible, anterior border of SCM, anterior midline of the neck

Question 44

List two lymph nodes present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 44

occipital and supraclavicular

Question 45

On which side of the inferior epigastric artery does the indirect hernia enter the internal inguinal ring?

Answer 45

lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 46

Name the hollow concave formation that is located on the radial side of the wrist that is clearly demarcated when the thumb is fully extended.

Answer 46

anatomical snuffbox

Question 47

List the contents of the middle mediastinum.

Answer 47

heart, pericardium

Question 48

Name the nine regions of the abdomen.

Answer 48

right and left hypochondrium, right and left flank, right and left groin (inguinal), epigastric, umbilical, and pubic region