Regional Focus Flashcards

Question

Middle East: ## Footnote **Population vs. MENA und EU** **Demografische Pyramide** *Grafik*

Answer 1

\> 30% --\> highest in Libya, Iraq, Oman

Answer 2

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have recorded **a very modest improvement** in their regional average scores for democracy between 2006 and 2014, but from very low bases indeed, and democracy in both regions weakened between 2013 and 2014.

Answer 3

* In most countries **agriculture accounts for over 2/3** of total water use. * The corollary of **decline of agriculture**, and **with it water**, is the declining centrality to the political economy of the modern Middle East. * As processes of globalization deepen, and Middle Eastern states and ruling classes become more and more dependent on, and oriented to, **external sources of capital**, so the **_domestic agricultural sector becomes less and less politically significant_**. Die Folge des Rückgangs der Landwirtschaft und damit des Wassers ist die abnehmende Zentralität der politischen Ökonomie des modernen Nahen Ostens.

Answer 4

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—**Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain,** and **Oman**

Answer 5

- Political Situation - economic situation - lack of freedom - lack of perspectives

Answer 6

- **90%** of the companies are **family-owned businesses** - Fam. own. bus. **generate 80% of the regions GDP** - Fam. own. bus. **employ 70%** - Fam. own. bus. controll **98% of the oil production** in the gulf region

Answer 7

* **Cultural reasons**: old traditions of tight family links, clans and family structure of the society, image and status are related to the family. * **Economic reasons:** no dilution (Verdünnung) of wealth, keep business secret, difficulties facing traditional SMEs if not based on family structures.

Answer 8

1. Prohibition of Interests (Riba) 2. Prohibition of Uncertainty (Gharar) 3. Prohibition of gambling and speculation 4. Prohibited sectors for investments activities (weapons, gambling, sex, alcohol, etc) 5. Prohibition of selling debts 6. Mobilization of funds: Partnership between banks an depositors as well as investors 7. Freedom of ownership and entrepreneurship 8. Government involvement in the market 9. Role of Labor as essential contributor to wealth generation 10. The institution of Charity as a wealth distribution tool and as expression of social solidarity 11. Avoidance of wasteful use of resources during the economic cycle. 12. Governance in financial operations: compliance to Islamic rules including:  Possible Shari’a Boards  All transaction should be Documented  Sanctity of contracts  No embedded contracts within other contracts  No sales of in-existing or un-owned object  All elements of a sale (contract, good, price, delivery) must be known at the time of contracting

Answer 9

* Nestle – world’s largest food manufacturing corporation * McDonalds –the world’s largest leading restaurant chain * KFC – fully integrated poultry chain * Tesco & Carrefour – world’s number one & two retail chain

Answer 10

1. Status consciousness related to sources of power which are: a. Family and tribe (Stamm) b. Relationship to state apparatus c. Position and relationship in the organization d. Degrees and qualifications e. Financial situation

Answer 11

1. **Power distance**: the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally 2. **Individualism/ collectivism**: is about the relative importance of individual versus group interests 3. **Masculinity/ femininity**: is about what values are considered more important in a society. The Masculine side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success. 4. **Uncertainty Avoidance**: the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity 5. **Time orientation**: maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and the future. 6. **Indulgence (Genuss)**: the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised

Answer 12

_High Context:_ High context: Communication tends to be indirect, harmoniously structured and understated (zurückhaltend). _Low Context:_ Communication tends to be linear, dramatic, precise and open

Answer 13

• Belief in One and unique God • Belief in Angels • Belief in Prophethood • Divine books as revealed by God to various prophets • Qadar (fate, destiny) • The Day of Judgment • Life after Death  Heaven and Hell • Every one is responsible for himself, no one can bear the burdens of another

Answer 14

 Meat of animals found dead or carnivores (dogs, lions, cats..)  Meat on which the name of God is not invoked at the time of slaughtering or meat on which some one else’s name was invoked.  Blood and blood products.  Pork or any of its components.  Alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) and any similar intoxicants under any form like Drugs.  The quantity of forbidden food is irrelevant.  Exceptions to these rules: in extreme danger of death or medical prescription due to lack of alternatives.

Answer 15

**_Who:_** Gaige Kaifang und **Deng Xiaoping** (father of economic reform) **_What:_** Four Modernization programm (agriculture, industry, defence, sience) --\> economy grew rapidly **+ great improvement of industrial output** **+ higher standards of living**

Answer 16

Domestic Focus Pre-Export stage Experimental involvement Active Involvement Commited Involvement

Regional Focus Flashcards

(49 cards)