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BIOLOGY > REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS > Flashcards

REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

1
Q

The body has an () which is maintained more or less constant by certain biological mechanisms.

A

internal environment

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2
Q

body fluid outside of cells is called

A

extracellular fluid

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3
Q

fluid within the cells are called

A

intracellular fluid

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4
Q

difference between ECF and ICF

A

ICF - More protein, more potassium, less sodium, more phosphate
ECF - Protein in plasma, less K, more Na, more chloride

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5
Q

process by which living organisms regulate their body’s internal water and ionic balance

A

osmoregulation

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6
Q

is a measure of the amount of solute (e.g. sugar) dissolved in a solvent

A

osmolarity

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7
Q

movement of water from high to low concentration across permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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8
Q

hypoosmotic environment

A

swelling and bursting of organism

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9
Q

isosmotic environment

A

suitable for survival

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10
Q

hyperosmotic environment

A

shrinkage of organism

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11
Q

Organisms that cannot adapt to
changing salinities.

A

Osmoconformers

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12
Q

examples of osmoconformer

A

hagfish and invertebrates like: mollusks, jellyfish, squid, octopus

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13
Q

animals that cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity

A

stenohaline

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14
Q

animals that can survive large flactuations in external osmolarity

A

euryhaline

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15
Q

no active adjustment of internal osmolarity
(marine animals); isoosmotic to environment

A

osmoconformer

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16
Q

freshwater fishes hyperosmotic (shrink)

A

gains water; loses salt

17
Q

marine fishes hypoosmotic (burst)

A

loses water; gains water

18
Q

direct waste produced by the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds like proteins and nucleic acids

A

ammonia

19
Q

Animals that secrete ammonia as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called

A

ammonotelic animals

20
Q

primary mechanism by which mammals convert ammonia (and carbon dioxide) to urea.

A

urea cycle

21
Q

Animals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called

A

ureotelic animals

22
Q

animal excretory structures

A

PROTOZOA: CELL MEMBRANE (DIFFUSION) CONTRACTILE VACUOLE (EXCESS WATER)

FLATWORM(PLANARIA): FLAME CELLS

EARTHWORM: METANEPHRIDIA, SKIN

GRASSHOPPER: MALPHIGIAN TUBULES, TRACHEAE

CRAYFISH: KIDNEYS, GILLS *

HUMAN: LUNGS,SKIN, LIVER, KIDNEYS

SNAKE: KIDNEYS

23
Q

the flame bulb system of a planarian

A

photonephridia

24
Q

Excretory system found in earthworms (annelids)

A

Metanephridia

25
Q

known as vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- dehydration (ADH released)
- overhydratuon (ADH inhibited)

26
Q

transform mechanical stimuli to electrical signals

A

mechanoreceptors
- ENaC (epithelial sodium channels)
- TRP (transient receptors potential channels)

27
Q

recepetors that are sensitive to temp change

A

thermoreceptors

28
Q

different zones detect different types of odors and transmit signals to the brain

A

chemoreceptors

29
Q

often organized into eyes, detect radiation in the form of visible light.

A

photoreceptors

30
Q

one of the most important sensations because it causes a negative reaction, for example, withdrawal from danger.

A

pain receptors

31
Q

Animals need to move from one place to another to find food, to remove themselves from danger, to find mates, or to find another habitat. This is called

A

animal locomotion

32
Q

Refers to flying birds, gliding (some mammals and amphibians), soaring (vultures and albatrosses).

A

aerial locomotion

33
Q

movement from tree to tree

A

arboreal locomotion

34
Q

Includes swimming, crawling and burrowing into the sea floor or floating freely.

A

aquatic locomotion

35
Q

Includes walking, running, jumping, and crawling

A

terrestrial locomotion

36
Q

concentration of solute in solution is equal in the concentration in cell

A

isotonic

37
Q

process by which metabolic waste is eliminated out of living system

A

excretion

38
Q

ligh reception in animals

A
  • eye cups
  • compund eyes (insects)
  • single-lens eyes (squid like humans)

BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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