Regulation Of Gene Expression (Exam III)

Question 1

All letters in a gene name are

Answer 1

Italicized

Question 2

Human gene names are designated with:

Answer 2

All capitalized and italicized letters

Question 3

Mouse genes are designated with:

Answer 3

First letter capitalized and all letters italicized

Question 4

What are the general requirements for gene expression control

Answer 4

Transcriptional machinery

Question 5

What are the gene-specific requirements for gene expression control (4)

Answer 5

1- intracellular hormone-receptor complexes
2- intracellular second messengers
3- gene specific (class specific) transcription factors
4- gene regulatory sequences

Question 6

Transcription factor increases gene expression

Answer 6

Activator

Question 7

Transcription factor increases gene expression but requires buddy system

Answer 7

Coactivators

Question 8

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression

Answer 8

Repressors

Question 9

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression but requires buddy system

Answer 9

Corepressors

Question 10

Islands of CpG dinucleotide sequences to produce 5-meC

Answer 10

DNA methylation

Question 11

DNA methylation adds 5’ methyl group on the cytosine which causes:

Answer 11

Compaction of DNA into heterochromatin

Question 12

DNA exists in a highly condensed ____ form with a lot of ____ surrounding it

Answer 12

Nucleosome
Protein

Question 13

Dependent upon if you are looking at the major or minor groove side:

Answer 13

Different molecules will be available to interact with

Question 14

A DNA Binding protein motif common in transcription factors and consist of alpha helices bound by a looping stretch of amino acids

Answer 14

Helix-loop-helix

Question 15

A DNA Binding protein motif that has multiple type but all have a bound zinc metal ion associated with the protein. Some have an alpha-helix plus beta-sheet structure, while others have a more helix-turn-helix structural motif

Answer 15

Zinc finger motifs

Question 16

Zinc finger motifs can be _____ or _____

Answer 16

Monomers or dimers

Question 17

A DNA Binding protein motif consisting of two alpha helices joined together by a short stretch of amino acids

Answer 17

Helix-turn-helix

Question 18

A DNA Binding protein motif where two proteins, each with an alpha-helix (formed largely by consecutive leucine residues) form a Y-shaped coiled-coil structure. It results in both proteins and DNA binding

Answer 18

Leucine Zipper

Question 19

The majority of DNA binding proteins function as: (2)

Answer 19

1- dimers
2- tandem clusters

Question 20

Particular sequence of amino acids or nucleic acids that is associated with some kind of function - a shared sequence

Answer 20

Motif

Question 21

3D structural entities that can function independently of the rest of the protein

Answer 21

Domain

Question 22

Motif that is capable of promoting both DNA binding and dimerization of itself

Answer 22

Leucine zipper

Question 23

Have a specific nucleotide sequence so that they can position certain critical nucleotides in the right groove

Answer 23

Consensus nuclear response element

Question 24

In prokaryotes the repressor and activator binding sites are generally closely juxtaposed to the:

Answer 24

RNA polymerase binding site

Question 25

In eukaryotes its believed that the DNA regulatory sequences can be located at great distances relative to the ______ of transcription

Answer 25

Start site

Question 26

Sequence that contains the start site of transcription for many RNA polymerase II genes and bind TFIID

Answer 26

INR

Question 27

Site located at +30 bp 3’ to the start site and binds TFIID

Answer 27

DPE

Question 28

Sequence located at -35 5’ of the start site and binds TFIIB

Answer 28

BRE

Question 29

What does BRE bind

Answer 29

TFIIB

Question 30

What does DPE bind

Answer 30

TFIID

Question 31

What does INR bind

Answer 31

TFIID

Question 32

What does the TATA box bind

Answer 32

The TBP subunit of TFIID

Question 33

Many DNA proteins have DNA binding activity (they bind DNA) but may not have:

Answer 33

Transactiviting activity

Question 34

Turns on the expression of a gene

Answer 34

Transactivating activity

Question 35

If a DNA protein does not have transactivating activity it must have:

Answer 35

Another protein paired with them to turn on the gene

Question 36

When you have a gene activator that binds to chromatin what occurs next

Answer 36

Chromatin has to remodel to open up

Question 37

The chromatin remodeling process often involves

Answer 37

Histone modification enzymes- associated with the nucleosomes

Question 38

Histone modifications will do what four things to relax the nucleosome structure

Answer 38

Methylate Demethylate Acetylate Deacetylate

Question 39

Mediators, general transcription factors and RNA polymers assemble ________ at the promotor

Answer 39

Pre-initiation complex

Question 40

The autosomes and X-chromosomes are amenable to linkage mapping studies because

Answer 40

They undergo recombination

Question 41

The Y chromosomes with exception of the pseudoautosomal region does not:

Answer 41

Undergo recombination

Question 42

The most commonly used current technology for identifying mutations in genes

Answer 42

DNA/RNA sequencing coupled with software databases

Question 43

What allows use to identify casual nutations in those cases where a large family suitable for linkage analysis is not available

Answer 43

Exome sequencing

Question 44

Sequencing the entire genome

Answer 44

Genome sequencing

Question 45

Sequencing only the bits of information that code for proteins - looks at exons

Answer 45

Exomic sequencing

Question 46

A means to look at what genes are being expressed inside a cell - looks at mRNA

Answer 46

Transcriptomic sequence into or RNA-seq

Question 47

Allows us to look at DNA methylation, ChIP sequencing and ribosome profiling

Answer 47

Epigenomics

Question 48

OPPG individuals have a ______ bone density

Answer 48

Extremely low

Question 49

What gene is mutated in the HGM individual

Answer 49

LRP5

Question 50

Loss of function mutations give rise to ______ Gain of function mutations give rise to ______

Answer 50

OPPG HBM

Question 51

The HMB mutation in LRP5 is due to

Answer 51

A single amino acid change

Question 52

LRP5 and LRP6 have function in the

Answer 52

Wnt signaling pathway

Question 53

Beta-catenin is known to be a ______ so it needs to be tightly regulated

Answer 53

Oncogenic gene

Question 54

Sclerostin binds LRP5/6 and inhibits the:

Answer 54

Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling

Question 55

Protein that forms a complex with DNA, may or may not have transactivating ability

Answer 55

DNA binding protein

Question 56

DNA sequence that modulates DNA transcription in an orientation and location independent fashion

Answer 56

Enhancer

Question 57

DNA sequence or promotor that serves to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins

Answer 57

Nuclear response elements

Question 58

Transcription factors that bind DNA, “read” the DNA sequence based upon interaction between specific _______ in their DNA binding motif and ______ that are present in the major and minor grooves of the DNA

Answer 58

Amino acids Proton donors/acceptors

Question 59

Different type of DNA binding proteins used different types of _____ structure motifs to interact with the major and minor grooves of DNA

Answer 59

Secondary/Tertiary