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Anatomy And Physiology > Regulatory System > Flashcards

Regulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

5 regulatory glands and what they produce

A

Adrenal - adrenaline
Pituiary gland - ADH
Thyroid - thyroxine
Pancreas - insulin
Testes/ovaries - testosterone/oestrogen

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2
Q

Function of renal artery

A

Supplies blood to the kidneys

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3
Q

Function of renal vein

A

Takes blood from the kidneys to the heart

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4
Q

Function of uterer

A

Takes urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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5
Q

Function of bladder

A

Stores urine before it’s removed from the body

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6
Q

Function of urethra

A

Takes urine out of the bladder

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7
Q

Function of medulla

A

Controls the concentration of urine

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8
Q

Function of cortex

A

Outer layer that contains the nephrons

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9
Q

Function of renal pelvis

A

Space where the kidneys rest

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10
Q

Ultrafiltration

A

In the glomerulus, water, glucose and ions are forced out through the semi-permeable membrane

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11
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

In the loop of henle, certain substances are reabsorbed into the capillary by active transport

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12
Q

Removal of waste

A

Excess water and ions and urea go to the bladder

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13
Q

Homeostasis definition

A

Maintain constant internal levels

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex structure and function

A

Wrinkly, outermost layer of the brain, responsible for thinking and processing sensory information from the body. There are 4 lobes, each responsible for processing different types of information. It is made of tightly packed neurones.

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15
Q

Cerebellum structure and function

A

Positioned at the back of the skull, it coordinates and regulates muscle activity like gross and fine motor skills. It also controls balance.

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16
Q

Frontal lobes structure amd function

A

Carry out higher level mental processes like thinking, decision-making and planning

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17
Q

Corpus callosum structure and function

A

Bridge of nerve tissue that connects and enables communication between the 2 sides

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18
Q

Hypothalamus structure and function

A

Reactor for homeostasis

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19
Q

Medulla structure and function

A

Carries out unconscious processes like breathing, swallowing and heart rate

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20
Q

Menines structure and function

A

3 layers of membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

Axon structure and function

A

Long thread-like part of a nerve cell, where impulses are transmitted across to other cells.

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22
Q

Dendron structure and function

A

Short branched structures to receive electrical impulses and army them towards the cell body.

23
Q

Myelin sheath structure and function

A

Fatty white substance surrounding the axon as a protective and insulating layer, to allow impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently

24
Q

Sequence of a reflex arc

A

Stimulus is detected by receptors
Signal travels along sensory neurone
Signal passes from sensory neurone to relay neurone
Signal passes from relay neurone to motor neurone
Signal reaches reactor

25
Function of dendrites
Connect one neurone to another and bring the impulse toward the cell body
26
Function of cell body
Contains the nucleus which controls the cell
27
Function of axon
Can be very long. Carries the impulse away from the cell body
28
Function of myelin sheath
Acts as an insulator to ensure electrical transmission of electrical impulses
29
Function of schwann cell
Make up the myelin sheath
30
Function of node of ranvier
Slight gap in myelin sheath between one schwann cell and the next
31
Function of synaptic end bulb
Where the end plate axon ends
32
Stroke symptoms and effects
Paralysis Loss of vision Dizziness Confusion Difficulty understanding what people are saying Problems with balance and coordination Difficulty swallowing Loss of consciousness
33
Biological explanation stroke (ischaemic)
Blood clot blocks the blood and oxygen getting to the brain
34
Biological explanation stroke (haemorrhagic)
Blood vessel in the skull bursts and bleeds into and around the brain
35
Causes of stroke (ischaemic)
Blood clots form where arteries have been narrowed or blocked by plaque. Irregular heart beat can cause blood clots to break apart from the heart and travel to the brain
36
Causes of stroke (haemorrhagic)
High blood pressure and abnormally formed blood vessels. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, stress
37
Diagnosis of strokes
CT scans and MRI scans
38
Medication of strokes
Aspirin Beta-blockers for high blood pressure Statins Alteplase dissolves blood clots
39
Surgery for strokes
Surgical stents Thrombectomy - remove blood clot
40
Care for stroke
Feeding tube if difficulty swallowing Mobility aids Physiotherapy
41
Impacts of stroke
Regular check-ups Home adaptations Surgery Problems with mobility Emotional and social effects
42
Endocrine glands definition
The organs that produce hormones and secrete them into the blood stream
43
Hormones definition
Chemicals that make things happen inside the body. Each hormone has a different function to maintain homeostasis and manage the body
44
Impacts of diabetes
Type 2: Healthy diet Regular monitoring Lose weight Stop smoking Regular check ups
45
Type 1 diabetes vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 - the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin Type 2 - where the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or the body's cells don't react to insulin
46
Symptoms of diabetes
Feeling very thirsty Peeing more frequently Fatigue Unexplained weight loss Frequent episodes of thrush Wounds that heal slowly Blurred vision
47
Monitoring of diabetes
Check blood sugar Test to check recent blood sugar Urine composition Blood pressure Eye test Blood pressure monitoring
48
Medication for Type 1 diabetes
Inject insulin to control blood glucose levels Long acting, background or basal insulin Fast acting, bolus insulin
49
Medication for Type 2 diabetes
Metamorfin which lowers blood sugar levels Could be prescribed to lose weight
50
Biological explanation of diabetes
The body cannot break down glucose
51
Causes of diabetes
Genetics Being overweight - Type 1 Lack of exercise
52
Impacts of diabetes
Type 2: Healthy diet Regular monitoring Lose weight Stop smoking Regular check ups
53
Osmoregulation - too much
- Increase in water levels - Change detected by hypothalamus - Pituitary gland releases less ADH - Decrease in permeability of collecting duct - Dilute urine and less water re-absorbed into the blood
54
Osmoregulation - not enough
- Decrease in water levels - Change detected by hypothalamus - Pituitary gland releases more ADH - Increase in permeability of collecting duct - Concentrated urine and less water re-absorbed into the blood

Anatomy And Physiology (7 decks)

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