Rehab/PT

Question 1

E-stim

Answer 1

E-stim with one electrode to another in a specific area, intensify with wave form, frequency, duty cycle, has different waveforms

Question 2

When E-stem it for neuromuscular dysfunction the goal is to _____ a motor nerve to cause a muscle ______

Answer 2

depolarized; contraction

Question 3

Neuro dysfunction- use what two settings of the e-stim?

Answer 3

VMS and Russian

Question 4

When using E-stim for pain management, the goal is to depolarize ____ _____ to suppress pain

Answer 4

sensory nerves

Question 5

Pain control- use what four settings of E-stim?

Answer 5

Interferential, Premodulated, Russian (again), and High volt

Question 6

How are neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) different?

Answer 6

a. TENS and NMES target different nerve groups of the body, TENS specifically targets the sensory nerves, which are responsible for sending pain signals to the brain
b. NMES targets the muscle itself via motor nerves
c. Sensory and motor nerves fire at different frequencies, which is why NMES and TENS devices affect the body differently

Question 7

The term “LASER” is an acronym for:

Answer 7

1. Light
2. Amplification by
3. Stimulated
4. Emission of
5. Radiation

Question 8

How does laser work?

Answer 8

Light into tissues- into mito- increases protein syn and cell proliferation- accelerated tissue repair and pain control- increased ATP syn. for E

Question 9

Heat thermotherapy when should we stop?

Answer 9

If the skin gets splotchy, also do not apply heat earlier than 48 hours after injury and do not use on sedated patients

Question 10

Cold therapy (cryotherapy) is used immediately after injury, what is its purpose?

Answer 10

Reduce pain, bleeding, inflamm, edema, and muscle spasms

Question 11

Cold therapy is most effective in first ___ hours of injury

Answer 11

72 hours

Question 12

What is normal skin response to cold therapy? What is abnormal response?

Answer 12

Normal response is skin red, abn response is whitening or blanching of the skin

Normal for aching, burning, numbness as changes in sensation during cryotherapy

Question 13

KNOWW Individuals with lower body fat % exchange heat more quickly than with greater amounts of SubQ fat*

Answer 13

///

Question 14

What is a deeper heating modality (2-5cm) that lasts only 8-16 mins of treatment?

Answer 14

Therapeutic U/S

Question 15

Therapeutic U/S can use direct coupling method (water-soluble gel) and underwater methods with increased intensity of

Answer 15

0.5W/cm^2

Question 16

On therapeutic US there is ___ minutes per transducer head

Answer 16

4 minutes

Question 17

Speed of sound of the transducer head is ____ cm per sec

Answer 17

4 cm per second

Question 18

Where should we avoid any exposed while using the therapeutic US?

Answer 18

Eyes, heart, malignant tumors, spinal cord after laminectomy, wounds

Question 19

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy -

Answer 19

i. High energy soundwave, non-invasive treatment for dogs with lameness/pain
ii. Pulses travel though soft tissues
iii. Allows shockwaves to penetrate different depths and various energy settings allow for customization of application
iv. Soundwaves break down the calcium that has built up via pulsing and can speed up the regenerative processes

Question 20

We should sedate with what modality? Why?

Answer 20

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy because the machine is loud and can be painful to the patient

Question 21

Shockwave indications include….

Answer 21

OA conditions, delayed or non-union fractures, tendinopathies, large wounds,

Question 22

10 mins of standing a day can help the chance of not developing muscle atrophy by ___%

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

What are some bad habits?

Answer 23

Bunny hopping, inappropriate weigh shifting aka “hand standing”, carrying of a limb, puppy sitting

Question 24

____ is osteoconductive

Answer 24

Hematoma