Reinforced Concrete Construction

Question 1

concrete in which steel reinforcement is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Also called Beton arme, Ferroconcrete

Answer 1

Reinforced Concrete

Question 2

Concrete having no reinforcement or reinforced only for drying shrinkage or thermal stresses

Answer 2

Plain Concrete

Question 3

Constructed of cement-sand mortar over wire mesh that has been preshaped over a mold

Answer 3

Ferrocement

Question 4

Concrete which is deposited in the place where it is required to harden as part of the structure, as opposed to precast concrete

Answer 4

cast-in-place concrete, cast in-situ, in-situ concrete

Question 5

a system of steel bars, strands or wires for absorbing tensile, shearing and sometimes compressive stresses in a concrete member or structure

Answer 5

reinforcement

Question 6

A reinforcing bar hot-rolled with surface deformations to develop a greater bond with concrete

Answer 6

deformed bar

Question 7

reinforcement designed to absorb tensile stresses

Answer 7

tension reinforcement

Question 8

reinforcement designed to absorb compressive stresses

Answer 8

compression reinforcement

Question 9

a concrete section in which the tension reinforcement theoretically reaches its specified yield strength as the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. a design so proportional such that the maximum stresses in the concrete and steel are reach simultaneously so that they fail together

Answer 9

balanced section

Question 10

a concrete section in which the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain before the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength. this is a dangerous condition since failure of the section could occur instantaneously without warning. this type of design is not advisable because concrete fails abruptly in compression

Answer 10

over reinforced section

Question 11

a concrete section in which the concrete in compression reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. this is a desirable condition since failure of the section would be preceded by large deformations, giving prior warning of impending collapse. in this particular type of design, the steel fails fails first while the concrete has not yet reached its allowable values but the failure is gradual with steel yielding

Answer 11

under reinforced section

Question 12

In 1867, he used the concept iron reinforcing bars when he reinforced William Ward’s flower pots using wire.

Answer 12

Joseph Monier

Question 13

a rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements

Answer 13

beam

Question 14

refers to a beam having a single span supported at its end without a restaint at the support

Answer 14

simple beam

Question 15

refers to a beam with two spans with or without restraint at the two exteme ends

Answer 15

semi-continuous beam

Question 16

a beam supported on one end and the other end projecting beyond the support, beam or wall

Answer 16

cantilever beam

Question 17

a term applied to a beam that rests on more than two supports

Answer 17

continuous beam

Question 18

part of the floor and beam unit when poured simultaneously thereby producing a monolithic structure where the portion of the slab at both sides of the beam serves as flanges of such beam

Answer 18

t beam

Question 19

a concrete beam designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces, formed and placed along with the slab it supports

Answer 19

reinforced concrete beam

Question 20

the depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of hte rension reinforcement

Answer 20

effective depth of section

Question 21

the center-to-center spacing of parallel bars, the resulting clear distance between the bars being regulated by bar diameter, maximum size of coarse aggregate, andthickness of the concrete section

Answer 21

bar spacing

Question 22

refers to the distances between posts, columns or supporting walls

Answer 22

span of supports

Question 23

the amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from fire and corrosion, measured frm the surface of the reinfocement to the outer surface of the concrete section

Answer 23

concrete cover

Question 24

the adhesion between two substanecs, as concrete and reinforcing bar

Answer 24

bond

Question 25

the adhesive force per unit area of contact between a reinforcing bar and the surrounding conrete developed at any section of a flexural member

Answer 25

bond stress

Question 26

the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section

Answer 26

development length

Question 27

length of embedded reinforcement at a critical section

Answer 27

embedment length

Question 28

length of reinforcement mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement

Answer 28

end anchorage

Question 29

a bend or curve given to the end of a tension bar to develop an equivalent embedment length, used where there is insufficient room to develop an embedment length

Answer 29

hook

Question 30

reinforcement essentially parallel to the horizontal surface of a slab or to the long axis of a concrete beam or column

Answer 30

longitudinal reinforcement

Question 31

the ratio of effective area of reinforcement to effective area of concrete at any section of a reinforced concrete member, expressed as a percentage

Answer 31

percentage reinforcement

Question 32

any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to a negative moment

Answer 32

top bar

Question 33

any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to positive moment

Answer 33

bottom bar

Question 34

reinforcement consisting of bent bars or stirrups, placed in a concrete beam to resist diagonal tension

Answer 34

web reinforcement

Question 35

a longitudinal bar bent to an angle of 30° or more with the axis of the concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting the cracking that could occur from diagonal tension

Answer 35

bent bar

Question 36

reinforcing bars that are bent up on or near the inflection point and are extended at the top of the beam across the support towards the adjacent span

Answer 36

bend reinforcing bars

Question 37

bars that are not bent, an additional straight reinforcing bars placed on the top of the beam across the supports to the required length and other stright additional bars are also placed at the bottom benterr of the beam span where positive moment develops

Answer 37

no bent bars

Question 38

a longitudinal bar bent up or down at pooints of moment reversal in a reinforced concrete beam

Answer 38

truss bar

Question 39

any of the u-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension

Answer 39

stirrup

Question 40

a 90°, 135° or 180° bend made at the end of a reinforcing bar according to industry standards with radius based on the bar diameter

Answer 40

standard hook

Question 41

the amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from fire and corrosion, measured from the surface of the reinforcement to the outer surface of the concrete section

Answer 41

concrete cover

Question 42

a concrete designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcement in resisting applied forces

Answer 42

reinforced concrete column

Question 43

a column having an unsupported height not greater than 10 times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross section

Answer 43

short column

Question 44

when the unsupported height is more than 10 times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross section

Answer 44

long column

Question 45

a concrete column reinforced with vertical bars and individual lateral ties

Answer 45

tied column

Question 46

longitudinal reinforcement placed in concrete column to absorb compressive stresses, resist bending stresses and reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage in the column

Answer 46

vertical reinforcement

Question 47

spiral reinforcement or lateral ties placed in a concrete column o laterally restrain the vertical reinforcement and prevent buckling

Answer 47

lateral reinforcement

Question 48

lateral reinforcement consisting of an evenly spaced continuous spiral held firmly in place by vertical spacers

Answer 48

spiral reinforcement

Question 49

reinforcement employed consisting of two to four bars tied in direct contact with each other to serve or act as one unit reinforcement placed at the corner of lateral ties

Answer 49

bundled reinforcement

Question 50

a concrete column with spiral reinforcement enclosing a circular core reinforced with vertical bars

Answer 50

spiral column

Question 51

a type of column here structural steel is embedded into concrete core of a spiral column

Answer 51

composite column

Question 52

a column with a structural steel encased in a concrete of at least 7cm thick reinforced with wire mesh surrounding the column at a distance of 3cm inside the outer surface of the concrete covering

Answer 52

combined column

Question 53

a fabricated post made of steel provided with a plain flat steel bar or plate which holds girder, girt or beam

Answer 53

lally column

Question 54

the horizontal planes that supports both live loads and dead loads and transfer their loads horizontally across to a beam, column or to load-bearing walls

Answer 54

floor system

Question 55

refers to those movable loads imposed on the floor such as people, furniture and the like

Answer 55

live load

Question 56

refers to the static load such as the weight of the construction materials which generally carry the live load

Answer 56

dead load

Question 57

consist of wind pressure and suction, earthquake load, rainwater on flat roof and forces caused by temperature changes or differentials

Answer 57

environmental load