Foundation Engineering Flashcards
the lowest division of a building, its substructure, or other construction, constructed partly or wholly below the surface of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure above and transmit its load directly to the earth
Foundation
that part of the structure that supports the weight of the structure and transmits the load to underlying soil or rock
Foundation
applies the knowledge of soil mechanic, rock mechanics, geology and structural engineering to the design and construction of foundation for buildings and other structures.
foundation engineering
a foundation system type which is employed when stable soil of adequate bearing capacity occurs relatively near to the ground surface, they are placed directly below the lowest part of the sub-structure and transfer building loads directly to the supporting soil by vertical pressure
shallow foundation
a foundation system type employed when the soil underlying a foundation is unstable to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum of rock or dense sand and gravel well below the superstructure
deep foundation
that part of a foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the natural grade line and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.
footing
a reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically loaded pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings
tie beam/footing tie beam/grade beam
a reinforced concrete beam supporting a superstructure at or near a ground level and transferring the load to isolated footings, piers or piles
tie beam/ footing tie beam/ grade beam
that part of a building or structure which is above the level of the adjoining ground or the level of the foundation
superstructure
the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction
substructure
something that underlies or serves as a base or foundation. also called substrate
substratum
the actual pressure developed between the footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to the quotient of the magnitude of the forces and the area of contact
soil pressure/contact pressure
the horizontal component of resistance developed by a soil mass against the horizontal movement of a vertical structure through the soil
passive soil pressure
occurs usually at the side of the retaining walls between the walls and the surrounding soil
passive soil pressure
the horizontal component of pressure that a soil mass exert on a vertical retaining wall
active soil pressure
the maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose vertically or laterally on a supporting soil mass
allowable bearing pressure/ allowable bearing capacity/allowable soil pressure
a layer of coarse granular materials placed and compacted on undistributed soil prepared fill to prevent the capillary rise of moisture to a concrete ground slab
base course
the gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a sustained load and an increase in compressive stress
consolidation
a reduction in volume of a soil mass under the action of a sustained load, due chiefly to a squeezing out of water from the voids within the mass and a transfer of the load from the soil water to the soil solids. also called primary compression
primary consolidation
a reduction in volume of a soil mass under the action of a sustained load, due chiefly to adjustment of the internal structure
secondary consolidation
the gradual subsiding of the structure
settlement
the relative movement of parts of a structure caused by uneven settlement
differential settlement
a single spread footing supporting a freestanding column or pier
isolated footing
a type of isolated footing having inclined top, sloping towards the edges
square sloped footing
